Imported from bakasa/hermes-config (
skills/autonomous-ai-agents/claude-code/SKILL.md). Install upstream withnpx skills add bakasa/hermes-config --skill claude-code. Copyright stays with the author (MIT).
Claude Code — Hermes Orchestration Guide
Delegate coding tasks to Claude Code (Anthropic's autonomous coding agent CLI) via the Hermes terminal. Claude Code v2.x can read files, write code, run shell commands, spawn subagents, and manage git workflows autonomously.
Prerequisites
- Install:
npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code - Auth: run
claudeonce to log in (browser OAuth for Pro/Max, or setANTHROPIC_API_KEY) - Console auth:
claude auth login --consolefor API key billing - SSO auth:
claude auth login --ssofor Enterprise - Check status:
claude auth status(JSON) orclaude auth status --text(human-readable)
⚠️ Auth Mode Matters: Three Paths
This is the #1 gotcha with Claude Code v2. There are three auth paths:
| Path | How | Works with -p? |
Works with TUI? | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| API Key | export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY="sk-..." |
✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | Get from console.anthropic.com/settings/keys |
| OAuth (browser login) | claude auth login |
❌ "Invalid API key" | ✅ Yes | Credentials in ~/.claude/.credentials.json |
| SDK + OAuth (BEST for agents) | Use claude-agent-sdk Python lib, unset ANTHROPIC_API_KEY |
N/A — SDK is programmatic | N/A | OAuth works when env var is cleared; 401 when var is set to OAuth token |
Recommended for Hermes agents: SDK + OAuth path.
# claude_agent_sdk is pre-installed at /usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages
from claude_agent_sdk import ClaudeAgentOptions, ClaudeSDKClient
import asyncio
async def delegate(task):
# CRITICAL: Remove ANTHROPIC_API_KEY from env so SDK uses OAuth from ~/.claude/.credentials.json
import os
env = os.environ.copy()
env.pop("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY", None)
os.environ.update(env)
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(
model="sonnet", # Always use sonnet per user preference
permission_mode="bypassPermissions", # Auto-approve all tools
cwd="/path/to/project",
)
async with ClaudeSDKClient(options=options) as client:
await client.query(task)
async for msg in client.receive_response():
if hasattr(msg, "content") and msg.content:
for block in msg.content:
if hasattr(block, "text") and block.text:
print(block.text)
Gotcha: If ANTHROPIC_API_KEY is set in the inherited environment (e.g., from a parent shell that ran claude auth login), it will be set to the OAuth access token which is NOT a valid API key. The SDK then fails with HTTP 401. Always unset ANTHROPIC_API_KEY before using the SDK with OAuth.
Cross-user issue: Credentials are stored in $HOME/.claude/.credentials.json. If the agent runs as a different user than the one who logged in, copy the credentials file and chown it.
User preference (explicit): Always execute Claude Code with --model sonnet --dangerously-skip-permissions. In SDK terms: model="sonnet", permission_mode="bypassPermissions". Delegate all logic-heavy coding tasks to Claude Code — the agent should only do simple one-liner edits directly.
- Health check:
claude doctor— checks auto-updater and installation health - Version check:
claude --version(requires v2.x+) - Update:
claude updateorclaude upgrade
Two Orchestration Modes
Hermes interacts with Claude Code in two fundamentally different ways. Choose based on the task.
Mode 1: Print Mode (-p) — Non-Interactive (PREFERRED for most tasks)
Print mode runs a one-shot task, returns the result, and exits. No PTY needed. No interactive prompts. This is the cleanest integration path.
terminal(command="claude -p 'Add error handling to all API calls in src/' --allowedTools 'Read,Edit' --max-turns 10", workdir="/path/to/project", timeout=120)
When to use print mode:
- One-shot coding tasks (fix a bug, add a feature, refactor)
- CI/CD automation and scripting
- Structured data extraction with
--json-schema - Piped input processing (
cat file | claude -p "analyze this") - Any task where you don't need multi-turn conversation
Print mode skips ALL interactive dialogs — no workspace trust prompt, no permission confirmations. This makes it ideal for automation.
Mode 2: Interactive PTY via tmux — Multi-Turn Sessions
Interactive mode gives you a full conversational REPL where you can send follow-up prompts, use slash commands, and watch Claude work in real time. Requires tmux orchestration.
# Start a tmux session
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s claude-work -x 140 -y 40")
# Launch Claude Code inside it
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'cd /path/to/project && claude' Enter")
# Wait for startup, then send your task
# (after ~3-5 seconds for the welcome screen)
terminal(command="sleep 5 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'Refactor the auth module to use JWT tokens' Enter")
# Monitor progress by capturing the pane
terminal(command="sleep 15 && tmux capture-pane -t claude-work -p -S -50")
# Send follow-up tasks
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'Now add unit tests for the new JWT code' Enter")
# Exit when done
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work '/exit' Enter")
When to use interactive mode:
- Multi-turn iterative work (refactor → review → fix → test cycle)
- Tasks requiring human-in-the-loop decisions
- Exploratory coding sessions
- When you need to use Claude's slash commands (
/compact,/review,/model)
PTY Dialog Handling (CRITICAL for Interactive Mode)
Claude Code presents up to two confirmation dialogs on first launch. You MUST handle these via tmux send-keys:
Dialog 1: Workspace Trust (first visit to a directory)
❯ 1. Yes, I trust this folder ← DEFAULT (just press Enter)
2. No, exit
Handling: tmux send-keys -t <session> Enter — default selection is correct.
Dialog 2: Bypass Permissions Warning (only with --dangerously-skip-permissions)
❯ 1. No, exit ← DEFAULT (WRONG choice!)
2. Yes, I accept
Handling: Must navigate DOWN first, then Enter:
tmux send-keys -t <session> Down && sleep 0.3 && tmux send-keys -t <session> Enter
Robust Dialog Handling Pattern
# Launch with permissions bypass
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'claude --dangerously-skip-permissions \"your task\"' Enter")
# Handle trust dialog (Enter for default "Yes")
terminal(command="sleep 4 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work Enter")
# Handle permissions dialog (Down then Enter for "Yes, I accept")
terminal(command="sleep 3 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work Down && sleep 0.3 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work Enter")
# Now wait for Claude to work
terminal(command="sleep 15 && tmux capture-pane -t claude-work -p -S -60")
Note: After the first trust acceptance for a directory, the trust dialog won't appear again. Only the permissions dialog recurs each time you use --dangerously-skip-permissions.
CLI Subcommands
| Subcommand | Purpose |
|---|---|
claude |
Start interactive REPL |
claude "query" |
Start REPL with initial prompt |
claude -p "query" |
Print mode (non-interactive, exits when done) |
cat file | claude -p "query" |
Pipe content as stdin context |
claude -c |
Continue the most recent conversation in this directory |
claude -r "id" |
Resume a specific session by ID or name |
claude auth login |
Sign in (add --console for API billing, --sso for Enterprise) |
claude auth status |
Check login status (returns JSON; --text for human-readable) |
claude mcp add <name> -- <cmd> |
Add an MCP server |
claude mcp list |
List configured MCP servers |
claude mcp remove <name> |
Remove an MCP server |
claude agents |
List configured agents |
claude doctor |
Run health checks on installation and auto-updater |
claude update / claude upgrade |
Update Claude Code to latest version |
claude remote-control |
Start server to control Claude from claude.ai or mobile app |
claude install [target] |
Install native build (stable, latest, or specific version) |
claude setup-token |
Set up long-lived auth token (requires subscription) |
claude plugin / claude plugins |
Manage Claude Code plugins |
claude auto-mode |
Inspect auto mode classifier configuration |
Hermes SDK Integration (PREFERRED)
The claude-agent-sdk Python package provides direct programmatic access to Claude Code.
This is the preferred integration method for Hermes agents — no PTY, no tmux, no
remote-control needed. It uses your existing OAuth credentials automatically.
Prerequisites
claude-agent-sdkPython package (check:pip show claude-agent-sdk)- OAuth credentials in
~/.claude/.credentials.json(fromclaude auth login) - CRITICAL: The
ANTHROPIC_API_KEYenv var must NOT be set — it overrides OAuth. The OAuth token in the credentials file is NOT a valid Anthropic API key. Unset it:unset ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
Quick Test
unset ANTHROPIC_API_KEY && export HOME=/data && cd /project && python3 -c "
from claude_agent_sdk import ClaudeAgentOptions, ClaudeSDKClient
import asyncio
async def main():
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(
model='sonnet',
permission_mode='bypassPermissions',
cwd='/project',
)
async with ClaudeSDKClient(options=options) as client:
await client.query('Reply with exactly: SDK_READY')
async for msg in client.receive_response():
if hasattr(msg, 'content'):
for block in msg.content:
if hasattr(block, 'text'):
print(block.text)
asyncio.run(main())
"
If this prints SDK_READY, the integration works.
Persistent Wrapper (Recommended)
Use the wrapper script at /data/workspace/perp-trading-bot/scripts/claude_delegate.py:
cd /data/workspace/perp-trading-bot
python3 scripts/claude_delegate.py "Add error handling to src/risk_engine.py"
python3 scripts/claude_delegate.py --file /tmp/task.txt
echo "Task description" | python3 scripts/claude_delegate.py --stdin
python3 scripts/claude_delegate.py "Refactor" --model sonnet
The wrapper handles environment cleanup (unsetting ANTHROPIC_API_KEY, setting HOME, etc.).
For Delegation via delegate_task
When spawning a coding subagent with delegate_task, pass the SDK-based wrapper:
goal: "Delegate this coding task to Claude Code using the SDK wrapper"
context: |
Run this command to complete the task:
cd /data/workspace/perp-trading-bot && python3 scripts/claude_delegate.py "THE TASK"
The wrapper uses Claude Code v2 via the claude-agent-sdk with:
- model: sonnet
- permission_mode: bypassPermissions
- tools: Read, Write, Edit, Bash, Glob, Grep, Task
- auth: OAuth from ~/.claude/.credentials.json
Why Not Other Methods?
| Method | Why Not |
|---|---|
claude -p "task" |
Requires ANTHROPIC_API_KEY (OAuth tokens don't work) |
claude remote-control |
Requires interactive TUI workspace trust — can't automate in Docker |
| tmux interactive | tmux server won't persist in Docker containers |
| PTY + stdin pipe | Claude Code detects pipe and falls back to print mode |
Always Use
- Model:
sonnet(as specified by user) - Permission mode:
bypassPermissions(maps to--dangerously-skip-permissions) - Clear
ANTHROPIC_API_KEYfrom environment before launching
Structured JSON Output
terminal(command="claude -p 'Analyze auth.py for security issues' --output-format json --max-turns 5", workdir="/project", timeout=120)
Returns a JSON object with:
{
"type": "result",
"subtype": "success",
"result": "The analysis text...",
"session_id": "75e2167f-...",
"num_turns": 3,
"total_cost_usd": 0.0787,
"duration_ms": 10276,
"stop_reason": "end_turn",
"terminal_reason": "completed",
"usage": { "input_tokens": 5, "output_tokens": 603, ... },
"modelUsage": { "claude-sonnet-4-6": { "costUSD": 0.078, "contextWindow": 200000 } }
}
Key fields: session_id for resumption, num_turns for agentic loop count, total_cost_usd for spend tracking, subtype for success/error detection (success, error_max_turns, error_budget).
Streaming JSON Output
For real-time token streaming, use stream-json with --verbose:
terminal(command="claude -p 'Write a summary' --output-format stream-json --verbose --include-partial-messages", timeout=60)
Returns newline-delimited JSON events. Filter with jq for live text:
claude -p "Explain X" --output-format stream-json --verbose --include-partial-messages | \
jq -rj 'select(.type == "stream_event" and .event.delta.type? == "text_delta") | .event.delta.text'
Stream events include system/api_retry with attempt, max_retries, and error fields (e.g., rate_limit, billing_error).
Bidirectional Streaming
For real-time input AND output streaming:
claude -p "task" --input-format stream-json --output-format stream-json --replay-user-messages
--replay-user-messages re-emits user messages on stdout for acknowledgment.
Piped Input
# Pipe a file for analysis
terminal(command="cat src/auth.py | claude -p 'Review this code for bugs' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)
# Pipe multiple files
terminal(command="cat src/*.py | claude -p 'Find all TODO comments' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)
# Pipe command output
terminal(command="git diff HEAD~3 | claude -p 'Summarize these changes' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)
JSON Schema for Structured Extraction
terminal(command="claude -p 'List all functions in src/' --output-format json --json-schema '{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"functions\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"string\"}}},\"required\":[\"functions\"]}' --max-turns 5", workdir="/project", timeout=90)
Parse structured_output from the JSON result. Claude validates output against the schema before returning.
Session Continuation
# Start a task
terminal(command="claude -p 'Start refactoring the database layer' --output-format json --max-turns 10 > /tmp/session.json", workdir="/project", timeout=180)
# Resume with session ID
terminal(command="claude -p 'Continue and add connection pooling' --resume $(cat /tmp/session.json | python3 -c 'import json,sys; print(json.load(sys.stdin)[\"session_id\"])') --max-turns 5", workdir="/project", timeout=120)
# Or resume the most recent session in the same directory
terminal(command="claude -p 'What did you do last time?' --continue --max-turns 1", workdir="/project", timeout=30)
# Fork a session (new ID, keeps history)
terminal(command="claude -p 'Try a different approach' --resume <id> --fork-session --max-turns 10", workdir="/project", timeout=120)
Bare Mode for CI/Scripting
terminal(command="claude --bare -p 'Run all tests and report failures' --allowedTools 'Read,Bash' --max-turns 10", workdir="/project", timeout=180)
--bare skips hooks, plugins, MCP discovery, and CLAUDE.md loading. Fastest startup. Requires ANTHROPIC_API_KEY (skips OAuth).
To selectively load context in bare mode:
| To load | Flag |
|---|---|
| System prompt additions | --append-system-prompt "text" or --append-system-prompt-file path |
| Settings | --settings <file-or-json> |
| MCP servers | --mcp-config <file-or-json> |
| Custom agents | --agents '<json>' |
Fallback Model for Overload
terminal(command="claude -p 'task' --fallback-model haiku --max-turns 5", timeout=90)
Automatically falls back to the specified model when the default is overloaded (print mode only).
Complete CLI Flags Reference
Session & Environment
| Flag | Effect |
|---|---|
-p, --print |
Non-interactive one-shot mode (exits when done) |
-c, --continue |
Resume most recent conversation in current directory |
-r, --resume <id> |
Resume specific session by ID or name (interactive picker if no ID) |
--fork-session |
When resuming, create new session ID instead of reusing original |
--session-id <uuid> |
Use a specific UUID for the conversation |
--no-session-persistence |
Don't save session to disk (print mode only) |
--add-dir <paths...> |
Grant Claude access to additional working directories |
-w, --worktree [name] |
Run in an isolated git worktree at .claude/worktrees/<name> |
--tmux |
Create a tmux session for the worktree (requires --worktree) |
--ide |
Auto-connect to a valid IDE on startup |
--chrome / --no-chrome |
Enable/disable Chrome browser integration for web testing |
--from-pr [number] |
Resume session linked to a specific GitHub PR |
--file <specs...> |
File resources to download at startup (format: file_id:relative_path) |
Model & Performance
| Flag | Effect |
|---|---|
--model <alias> |
Model selection: sonnet, opus, haiku, or full name like claude-sonnet-4-6 |
--effort <level> |
Reasoning depth: low, medium, high, max, auto |
--max-turns <n> |
Limit agentic loops (print mode only; prevents runaway) |
--max-budget-usd <n> |
Cap API spend in dollars (print mode only) |
--fallback-model <model> |
Auto-fallback when default model is overloaded (print mode only) |
--betas <betas...> |
Beta headers to include in API requests (API key users only) |
Permission & Safety
| Flag | Effect |
|---|---|
--dangerously-skip-permissions |
Auto-approve ALL tool use (file writes, bash, network, etc.) |
--allow-dangerously-skip-permissions |
Enable bypass as an option without enabling it by default |
--permission-mode <mode> |
default, acceptEdits, plan, auto, dontAsk, bypassPermissions |
--allowedTools <tools...> |
Whitelist specific tools (comma or space-separated) |
--disallowedTools <tools...> |
Blacklist specific tools |
--tools <tools...> |
Override built-in tool set ("" = none, "default" = all, or tool names) |
Output & Input Format
| Flag | Effect |
|---|---|
--output-format <fmt> |
text (default), json (single result object), stream-json (newline-delimited) |
--input-format <fmt> |
text (default) or stream-json (real-time streaming input) |
--json-schema <schema> |
Force structured JSON output matching a schema |
--verbose |
Full turn-by-turn output |
--include-partial-messages |
Include partial message chunks as they arrive (stream-json + print) |
--replay-user-messages |
Re-emit user messages on stdout (stream-json bidirectional) |
System Prompt & Context
| Flag | Effect |
|---|---|
--append-system-prompt <text> |
Add to the default system prompt (preserves built-in capabilities) |
--append-system-prompt-file <path> |
Add file contents to the default system prompt |
--system-prompt <text> |
Replace the entire system prompt (use --append instead usually) |
--system-prompt-file <path> |
Replace the system prompt with file contents |
--bare |
Skip hooks, plugins, MCP discovery, CLAUDE.md, OAuth (fastest startup) |
--agents '<json>' |
Define custom subagents dynamically as JSON |
--mcp-config <path> |
Load MCP servers from JSON file (repeatable) |
--strict-mcp-config |
Only use MCP servers from --mcp-config, ignoring all other MCP configs |
--settings <file-or-json> |
Load additional settings from a JSON file or inline JSON |
--setting-sources <sources> |
Comma-separated sources to load: user, project, local |
--plugin-dir <paths...> |
Load plugins from directories for this session only |
--disable-slash-commands |
Disable all skills/slash commands |
Debugging
| Flag | Effect |
|---|---|
-d, --debug [filter] |
Enable debug logging with optional category filter (e.g., "api,hooks", "!1p,!file") |
--debug-file <path> |
Write debug logs to file (implicitly enables debug mode) |
Agent Teams
| Flag | Effect |
|---|---|
--teammate-mode <mode> |
How agent teams display: auto, in-process, or tmux |
--brief |
Enable SendUserMessage tool for agent-to-user communication |
Tool Name Syntax for --allowedTools / --disallowedTools
Read # All file reading
Edit # File editing (existing files)
Write # File creation (new files)
Bash # All shell commands
Bash(git *) # Only git commands
Bash(git commit *) # Only git commit commands
Bash(npm run lint:*) # Pattern matching with wildcards
WebSearch # Web search capability
WebFetch # Web page fetching
mcp__<server>__<tool> # Specific MCP tool
Settings & Configuration
Settings Hierarchy (highest to lowest priority)
- CLI flags — override everything
- Local project:
.claude/settings.local.json(personal, gitignored) - Project:
.claude/settings.json(shared, git-tracked) - User:
~/.claude/settings.json(global)
Permissions in Settings
{
"permissions": {
"allow": ["Bash(npm run lint:*)", "WebSearch", "Read"],
"ask": ["Write(*.ts)", "Bash(git push*)"],
"deny": ["Read(.env)", "Bash(rm -rf *)"]
}
}
Memory Files (CLAUDE.md) Hierarchy
- Global:
~/.claude/CLAUDE.md— applies to all projects - Project:
./CLAUDE.md— project-specific context (git-tracked) - Local:
.claude/CLAUDE.local.md— personal project overrides (gitignored)
Use the # prefix in interactive mode to quickly add to memory: # Always use 2-space indentation.
Interactive Session: Slash Commands
Session & Context
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
/help |
Show all commands (including custom and MCP commands) |
/compact [focus] |
Compress context to save tokens; CLAUDE.md survives compaction. E.g., /compact focus on auth logic |
/clear |
Wipe conversation history for a fresh start |
/context |
Visualize context usage as a colored grid with optimization tips |
/cost |
View token usage with per-model and cache-hit breakdowns |
/resume |
Switch to or resume a different session |
/rewind |
Revert to a previous checkpoint in conversation or code |
/btw <question> |
Ask a side question without adding to context cost |
/status |
Show version, connectivity, and session info |
/todos |
List tracked action items from the conversation |
/exit or Ctrl+D |
End session |
Development & Review
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
/review |
Request code review of current changes |
/security-review |
Perform security analysis of current changes |
/plan [description] |
Enter Plan mode with auto-start for task planning |
/loop [interval] |
Schedule recurring tasks within the session |
/batch |
Auto-create worktrees for large parallel changes (5-30 worktrees) |
Configuration & Tools
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
/model [model] |
Switch models mid-session (use arrow keys to adjust effort) |
/effort [level] |
Set reasoning effort: low, medium, high, max, or auto |
/init |
Create a CLAUDE.md file for project memory |
/memory |
Open CLAUDE.md for editing |
/config |
Open interactive settings configuration |
/permissions |
View/update tool permissions |
/agents |
Manage specialized subagents |
/mcp |
Interactive UI to manage MCP servers |
/add-dir |
Add additional working directories (useful for monorepos) |
/usage |
Show plan limits and rate limit status |
/voice |
Enable push-to-talk voice mode (20 languages; hold Space to record, release to send) |
/release-notes |
Interactive picker for version release notes |
Custom Slash Commands
Create .claude/commands/<name>.md (project-shared) or ~/.claude/commands/<name>.md (personal):
# .claude/commands/deploy.md
Run the deploy pipeline:
1. Run all tests
2. Build the Docker image
3. Push to registry
4. Update the $ARGUMENTS environment (default: staging)
Usage: /deploy production — $ARGUMENTS is replaced with the user's input.
Skills (Natural Language Invocation)
Unlike slash commands (manually invoked), skills in .claude/skills/ are markdown guides that Claude invokes automatically via natural language when the task matches:
# .claude/skills/database-migration.md
When asked to create or modify database migrations:
1. Use Alembic for migration generation
2. Always create a rollback function
3. Test migrations against a local database copy
Interactive Session: Keyboard Shortcuts
General Controls
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
Ctrl+C |
Cancel current input or generation |
Ctrl+D |
Exit session |
Ctrl+R |
Reverse search command history |
Ctrl+B |
Background a running task |
Ctrl+V |
Paste image into conversation |
Ctrl+O |
Transcript mode — see Claude's thinking process |
Ctrl+G or Ctrl+X Ctrl+E |
Open prompt in external editor |
Esc Esc |
Rewind conversation or code state / summarize |
Mode Toggles
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
Shift+Tab |
Cycle permission modes (Normal → Auto-Accept → Plan) |
Alt+P |
Switch model |
Alt+T |
Toggle thinking mode |
Alt+O |
Toggle Fast Mode |
Multiline Input
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
\ + Enter |
Quick newline |
Shift+Enter |
Newline (alternative) |
Ctrl+J |
Newline (alternative) |
Input Prefixes
| Prefix | Action |
|---|---|
! |
Execute bash directly, bypassing AI (e.g., !npm test). Use ! alone to toggle shell mode. |
@ |
Reference files/directories with autocomplete (e.g., @./src/api/) |
# |
Quick add to CLAUDE.md memory (e.g., # Use 2-space indentation) |
/ |
Slash commands |
Pro Tip: "ultrathink"
Use the keyword "ultrathink" in your prompt for maximum reasoning effort on a specific turn. This triggers the deepest thinking mode regardless of the current /effort setting.
PR Review Pattern
Quick Review (Print Mode)
terminal(command="cd /path/to/repo && git diff main...feature-branch | claude -p 'Review this diff for bugs, security issues, and style problems. Be thorough.' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)
Deep Review (Interactive + Worktree)
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s review -x 140 -y 40")
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t review 'cd /path/to/repo && claude -w pr-review' Enter")
terminal(command="sleep 5 && tmux send-keys -t review Enter") # Trust dialog
terminal(command="sleep 2 && tmux send-keys -t review 'Review all changes vs main. Check for bugs, security issues, race conditions, and missing tests.' Enter")
terminal(command="sleep 30 && tmux capture-pane -t review -p -S -60")
PR Review from Number
terminal(command="claude -p 'Review this PR thoroughly' --from-pr 42 --max-turns 10", workdir="/path/to/repo", timeout=120)
Claude Worktree with tmux
terminal(command="claude -w feature-x --tmux", workdir="/path/to/repo")
Creates an isolated git worktree at .claude/worktrees/feature-x AND a tmux session for it. Uses iTerm2 native panes when available; add --tmux=classic for traditional tmux.
Parallel Claude Instances
Run multiple independent Claude tasks simultaneously:
# Task 1: Fix backend
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s task1 -x 140 -y 40 && tmux send-keys -t task1 'cd ~/project && claude -p \"Fix the auth bug in src/auth.py\" --allowedTools \"Read,Edit\" --max-turns 10' Enter")
# Task 2: Write tests
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s task2 -x 140 -y 40 && tmux send-keys -t task2 'cd ~/project && claude -p \"Write integration tests for the API endpoints\" --allowedTools \"Read,Write,Bash\" --max-turns 15' Enter")
# Task 3: Update docs
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s task3 -x 140 -y 40 && tmux send-keys -t task3 'cd ~/project && claude -p \"Update README.md with the new API endpoints\" --allowedTools \"Read,Edit\" --max-turns 5' Enter")
# Monitor all
terminal(command="sleep 30 && for s in task1 task2 task3; do echo '=== '$s' ==='; tmux capture-pane -t $s -p -S -5 2>/dev/null; done")
CLAUDE.md — Project Context File
Claude Code auto-loads CLAUDE.md from the project root. Use it to persist project context:
# Project: My API
## Architecture
- FastAPI backend with SQLAlchemy ORM
- PostgreSQL database, Redis cache
- pytest for testing with 90% coverage target
## Key Commands
- `make test` — run full test suite
- `make lint` — ruff + mypy
- `make dev` — start dev server on :8000
## Code Standards
- Type hints on all public functions
- Docstrings in Google style
- 2-space indentation for YAML, 4-space for Python
- No wildcard imports
Be specific. Instead of "Write good code", use "Use 2-space indentation for JS" or "Name test files with .test.ts suffix." Specific instructions save correction cycles.
Rules Directory (Modular CLAUDE.md)
For projects with many rules, use the rules directory instead of one massive CLAUDE.md:
- Project rules:
.claude/rules/*.md— team-shared, git-tracked - User rules:
~/.claude/rules/*.md— personal, global
Each .md file in the rules directory is loaded as additional context. This is cleaner than cramming everything into a single CLAUDE.md.
Auto-Memory
Claude automatically stores learned project context in ~/.claude/projects/<project>/memory/.
- Limit: 25KB or 200 lines per project
- This is separate from CLAUDE.md — it's Claude's own notes about the project, accumulated across sessions
Custom Subagents
Define specialized agents in .claude/agents/ (project), ~/.claude/agents/ (personal), or via --agents CLI flag (session):
Agent Location Priority
.claude/agents/— project-level, team-shared--agentsCLI flag — session-specific, dynamic~/.claude/agents/— user-level, personal
Creating an Agent
# .claude/agents/security-reviewer.md
---
name: security-reviewer
description: Security-focused code review
model: opus
tools: [Read, Bash]
---
You are a senior security engineer. Review code for:
- Injection vulnerabilities (SQL, XSS, command injection)
- Authentication/authorization flaws
- Secrets in code
- Unsafe deserialization
Invoke via: @security-reviewer review the auth module
Dynamic Agents via CLI
terminal(command="claude --agents '{\"reviewer\": {\"description\": \"Reviews code\", \"prompt\": \"You are a code reviewer focused on performance\"}}' -p 'Use @reviewer to check auth.py'", timeout=120)
Claude can orchestrate multiple agents: "Use @db-expert to optimize queries, then @security to audit the changes."
Hooks — Automation on Events
Configure in .claude/settings.json (project) or ~/.claude/settings.json (global):
{
"hooks": {
"PostToolUse": [{
"matcher": "Write(*.py)",
"hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "ruff check --fix $CLAUDE_FILE_PATHS"}]
}],
"PreToolUse": [{
"matcher": "Bash",
"hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "if echo \"$CLAUDE_TOOL_INPUT\" | grep -q 'rm -rf'; then echo 'Blocked!' && exit 2; fi"}]
}],
"Stop": [{
"hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "echo 'Claude finished a response' >> /tmp/claude-activity.log"}]
}]
}
}
All 8 Hook Types
| Hook | When it fires | Common use |
|---|---|---|
UserPromptSubmit |
Before Claude processes a user prompt | Input validation, logging |
PreToolUse |
Before tool execution | Security gates, block dangerous commands (exit 2 = block) |
PostToolUse |
After a tool finishes | Auto-format code, run linters |
Notification |
On permission requests or input waits | Desktop notifications, alerts |
Stop |
When Claude finishes a response | Completion logging, status updates |
SubagentStop |
When a subagent completes | Agent orchestration |
PreCompact |
Before context memory is cleared | Backup session transcripts |
SessionStart |
When a session begins | Load dev context (e.g., git status) |
Hook Environment Variables
| Variable | Content |
|---|---|
CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR |
Current project path |
CLAUDE_FILE_PATHS |
Files being modified |
CLAUDE_TOOL_INPUT |
Tool parameters as JSON |
Security Hook Examples
{
"PreToolUse": [{
"matcher": "Bash",
"hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "if echo \"$CLAUDE_TOOL_INPUT\" | grep -qE 'rm -rf|git push.*--force|:(){ :|:& };:'; then echo 'Dangerous command blocked!' && exit 2; fi"}]
}]
}
MCP Integration
Add external tool servers for databases, APIs, and services:
# GitHub integration
terminal(command="claude mcp add -s user github -- npx @modelcontextprotocol/server-github", timeout=30)
# PostgreSQL queries
terminal(command="claude mcp add -s local postgres -- npx @anthropic-ai/server-postgres --connection-string postgresql://localhost/mydb", timeout=30)
# Puppeteer for web testing
terminal(command="claude mcp add puppeteer -- npx @anthropic-ai/server-puppeteer", timeout=30)
MCP Scopes
| Flag | Scope | Storage |
|---|---|---|
-s user |
Global (all projects) | ~/.claude.json |
-s local |
This project (personal) | .claude/settings.local.json (gitignored) |
-s project |
This project (team-shared) | .claude/settings.json (git-tracked) |
MCP in Print/CI Mode
terminal(command="claude --bare -p 'Query database' --mcp-config mcp-servers.json --strict-mcp-config", timeout=60)
--strict-mcp-config ignores all MCP servers except those from --mcp-config.
Reference MCP resources in chat: @github:issue://123
MCP Limits & Tuning
- Tool descriptions: 2KB cap per server for tool descriptions and server instructions
- Result size: Default capped; use
maxResultSizeCharsannotation to allow up to 500K characters for large outputs - Output tokens:
export MAX_MCP_OUTPUT_TOKENS=50000— cap output from MCP servers to prevent context flooding - Transports:
stdio(local process),http(remote),sse(server-sent events)
Monitoring Interactive Sessions
Reading the TUI Status
# Periodic capture to check if Claude is still working or waiting for input
terminal(command="tmux capture-pane -t dev -p -S -10")
Look for these indicators:
❯at bottom = waiting for your input (Claude is done or asking a question)●lines = Claude is actively using tools (reading, writing, running commands)⏵⏵ bypass permissions on= status bar showing permissions mode◐ medium · /effort= current effort level in status barctrl+o to expand= tool output was truncated (can be expanded interactively)
Context Window Health
Use /context in interactive mode to see a colored grid of context usage. Key thresholds:
- < 70% — Normal operation, full precision
- 70-85% — Precision starts dropping, consider
/compact - > 85% — Hallucination risk spikes significantly, use
/compactor/clear
Environment Variables
| Variable | Effect |
|---|---|
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY |
API key for authentication (alternative to OAuth) |
CLAUDE_CODE_EFFORT_LEVEL |
Default effort: low, medium, high, max, or auto |
MAX_THINKING_TOKENS |
Cap thinking tokens (set to 0 to disable thinking entirely) |
MAX_MCP_OUTPUT_TOKENS |
Cap output from MCP servers (default varies; set e.g., 50000) |
CLAUDE_CODE_NO_FLICKER=1 |
Enable alt-screen rendering to eliminate terminal flicker |
CLAUDE_CODE_SUBPROCESS_ENV_SCRUB |
Strip credentials from sub-processes for security |
Cost & Performance Tips
- Use
--max-turnsin print mode to prevent runaway loops. Start with 5-10 for most tasks. - Use
--max-budget-usdfor cost caps. Note: minimum ~$0.05 for system prompt cache creation. - Use
--effort lowfor simple tasks (faster, cheaper).highormaxfor complex reasoning. - Use
--barefor CI/scripting to skip plugin/hook discovery overhead. - Use
--allowedToolsto restrict to only what's needed (e.g.,Readonly for reviews). - Use
/compactin interactive sessions when context gets large. - Pipe input instead of having Claude read files when you just need analysis of known content.
- Use
--model haikufor simple tasks (cheaper) and--model opusfor complex multi-step work. - Use
--fallback-model haikuin print mode to gracefully handle model overload. - Start new sessions for distinct tasks — sessions last 5 hours; fresh context is more efficient.
- Use
--no-session-persistencein CI to avoid accumulating saved sessions on disk.
Pitfalls & Gotchas
- Interactive mode REQUIRES tmux — Claude Code is a full TUI app. Using
pty=truealone in Hermes terminal works but tmux gives youcapture-panefor monitoring andsend-keysfor input, which is essential for orchestration. --dangerously-skip-permissionsdialog defaults to "No, exit" — you must send Down then Enter to accept. Print mode (-p) skips this entirely.--max-budget-usdminimum is ~$0.05 — system prompt cache creation alone costs this much. Setting lower will error immediately.--max-turnsis print-mode only — ignored in interactive sessions.- Claude may use
pythoninstead ofpython3— on systems without apythonsymlink, Claude's bash commands will fail on first try but it self-corrects. - Session resumption requires same directory —
--continuefinds the most recent session for the current working directory. --json-schemaneeds enough--max-turns— Claude must read files before producing structured output, which takes multiple turns.- Trust dialog only appears once per directory — first-time only, then cached.
- Background tmux sessions persist — always clean up with
tmux kill-session -t <name>when done. - Slash commands (like
/commit) only work in interactive mode — in-pmode, describe the task in natural language instead. --bareskips OAuth — requiresANTHROPIC_API_KEYenv var or anapiKeyHelperin settings.- Context degradation is real — AI output quality measurably degrades above 70% context window usage. Monitor with
/contextand proactively/compact. - Auth status may differ between sessions —
claude auth statuscan showloggedIn: falsefrom the agent's process even when the user authenticated from their shell. Credentials may be stored in a different home directory or env context. Seereferences/claude-code-auth-troubleshooting.mdfor diagnosis steps. - Tmux server won't persist in Docker —
tmux start-serverandtmux new-session -dfail silently in Docker containers because the server daemonizes and loses its parent process. Use theclaude-agent-sdkPython library instead for programmatic delegation — it handles PTY creation internally and works reliably in containers. claude remote-controlrequires workspace trust — The remote-control server checks for workspace trust before starting. Trust is a TUI-only interaction that cannot be automated from a non-interactive process in Docker. Use theclaude-agent-sdkinstead, which bypasses the trust check entirely.- SDK + OAuth is the recommended agent path — The
claude-agent-sdk(v0.2.87, pre-installed at/usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages) providesClaudeSDKClientwithquery()andreceive_response(). It works with OAuth credentials whenANTHROPIC_API_KEYis unset. This is more reliable than tmux orchestration or print mode for agent-to-agent delegation.
Rules for Hermes Agents
- Use the claude-agent-sdk Python library for delegation — More reliable than tmux or print mode. Pre-installed at
/usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages. - Always unset
ANTHROPIC_API_KEYbefore using the SDK — Required for OAuth to work; seereferences/claude-agent-sdk-delegation.md. - Prefer print mode (
-p) only when API key is explicitly set — Otherwise use SDK. - Use tmux for multi-turn interactive work — but note: tmux does not persist in Docker containers (pitfall #14).
- Always set
workdir— keep Claude focused on the right project directory. - Set
--max-turnsin print mode — prevents infinite loops and runaway costs. - Report results to user — after completion, summarize what Claude did and what changed.
- Don't kill slow sessions — Claude may be doing multi-step work; check progress instead.
- Use
--allowedTools— restrict capabilities to what the task actually needs.
References
references/claude-code-auth-troubleshooting.md— Auth diagnosis, cross-user setupreferences/claude-agent-sdk-delegation.md— Python SDK delegation pattern (recommended approach)