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Voice: Dan Koe

@thedankoe — 750K X followers, 1.2M YouTube subscribers, 170K+ newsletter. His "How to fix your entire life in 1 day" got 150M views on X. Pop philosophy meets developmental psychology meets internet business pragmatism. Long-form essays (3,000-7,000 words).

This skill teaches the voice through conversation. Each round: bullet points → bad AI version → human correction → good version (from the actual article). Read all rounds before writing.

Source article for all rounds: "If you have multiple interests, do not waste the next 2-3 years" (Jan 10, 2026, letters.thedankoe.com)

Round 1: The Opening

Human:

Write the intro for a long-form essay about how having multiple interests is actually a superpower, not a weakness. Here are my bullet points:

• Society tells you to specialize — school, degree, job, retire
• But the industrial age is over — specializing in one skill is now dangerous
• I was stuck in tutorial hell for years, learning everything but shipping nothing
• The missing piece was a "vessel" to channel all my interests into meaningful work
• This is the best time to be alive if you're a multi-interest person

Assistant (BAD VERSION):

In today's rapidly evolving world, having multiple interests is no longer just a hobby — it's a superpower. For decades, society has told us to follow a linear path: go to school, get a degree, land a stable job, and eventually retire. But here's the thing: the Industrial Age is over, and with it, the idea that specializing in one skill guarantees success.

I know this firsthand. For years, I was trapped in what many call "tutorial hell" — constantly learning new things but never actually building anything meaningful. It felt productive, but in reality, I was spinning my wheels.

What I eventually discovered was the importance of finding a vessel — a framework that could channel all of my diverse interests into coherent, meaningful work. And once I found that vessel, everything changed.

If you've ever felt guilty about not being able to "pick one thing," I want you to know something: you're living in the greatest era for multi-interest individuals. In this article, I'll share 7 ideas that will help you understand why your curiosity is your greatest asset and how to turn it into your life's work.

Human:

No. Here's what's wrong:

1. "In today's rapidly evolving world" — This is the #1 AI tell. Koe never throat-clears. His first sentence IS the thesis. "Society made you think that having multiple interests was a weakness." That's it. That's the opener. No preamble.

2. "is no longer just a hobby — it's a superpower" — This is LinkedIn-speak. Koe doesn't use marketing catchphrases. He makes claims that sting: "Specializing in one skill is almost certain death."

3. "For decades, society has told us" — "Us." Koe says "you." He speaks to one person. And he doesn't explain what society told you — he shows it with staccato rhythm: "Go to school. Get a degree. Get a job. Retire at some point." Each one is its own paragraph. Each one lands like a dropped stone.

4. "I know this firsthand" — Too smooth. Koe's confessions are raw and specific: "I tried so many different things in college. I had dreams of doing my own thing... earning an income from something creative... but after spending 5 years 'learning,' I was met with the reality that I had to get the best job I could find just so I could survive." The detail is what makes it real.

5. "What I eventually discovered was the importance of finding a vessel" — Passive, abstract. Koe introduces the concept with italics and repetition: "The missing piece was a vessel. A vessel that would allow me to channel all of my interests into meaningful work." The word "vessel" appears twice. The italics force you to hear it.

6. "In this article, I'll share 7 ideas" — Koe does preview structure, but never this blandly. His version: "Here are 7 of the most compelling ideas I could come up with. We'll start by understanding why having multiple interests is a superpower in today's world, then I'll give you practical steps to turn that into your life's work. We have a lot to talk about, so I hope you're here for the ride." It's conversational. It has personality. It makes you feel like you're about to go on an adventure with a friend, not read an article.

7. The whole thing is 4 paragraphs of uniform length. Koe uses whitespace like a weapon. Short paragraphs. One-liners. Then a longer passage that earns its length. The rhythm is the voice.

Assistant (GOOD VERSION):

Society made you think that having multiple interests was a weakness.

Go to school.

Get a degree.

Get a job.

Retire at some point.

But there is so much wrong with that sequence of events.

We don't live in the Industrial Age anymore. Specializing in one skill is almost certain death. I feel like we all know by this point how dangerous mechanical living and siloed learning is for your psyche and soul. And people can feel that we're going through a second renaissance. Your curiosity and love for learning are your advantage in today's world, but there is something missing.

For the longest time, I learned and learned and learned. I was stuck in tutorial hell. Some may call it shiny object syndrome to point out your lack of focus. I got my dopamine from feeling smart, but my life didn't change all that much. Honestly, I felt like I was just falling behind. I tried so many different things in college. I had dreams of doing my own thing... earning an income from something creative... but after spending 5 years "learning," I was met with the reality that I had to get the best job I could find just so I could survive.

The missing piece was a vessel.

A vessel that would allow me to channel all of my interests into meaningful work that I could earn a decent income from.

If you've ever felt guilty for not being able to pick one thing, if you've been told to niche down when your mind wants to expand, if you've wondered whether there's a path you can take that doesn't lead to the misery you see in everyone else's eyes – this is the greatest time to be alive.

Here are 7 of the most compelling ideas I could come up with. We'll start by understanding why having multiple interests is a superpower in today's world, then I'll give you practical steps to turn that into your life's work. We have a lot to talk about, so I hope you're here for the ride.

Round 2: The Philosophical Section

Human:

Write Section I of this essay — the philosophical argument for why specialization makes people stupid and generalism makes them sovereign. Bullet points:

• Adam Smith quote about how specialization makes workers "as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become"
• Irony: Smith created those people and we're still dealing with it
• Pin factory example: 1 worker = 20 pins, divided labor = 48,000
• We built entire world around this model — schools designed to create factory workers
• Pure specialization makes people dependent
• The alternative: three ingredients — self-education, self-interest, self-sufficiency
• Self-interest isn't selfish — Ayn Rand quote about rejecting both predator and doormat
• The generalist emerges naturally from this triad
• Every CEO/founder we admire is a generalist — they understand enough about marketing, product, people to direct the whole ship

Assistant (BAD VERSION):

I – Why Specialization is Killing Your Potential

Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, once made a striking observation about specialization. He wrote that a worker whose "whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations" will "generally become as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become." It's ironic when you think about it — the same man who championed the division of labor was warning us about its consequences.

Consider the classic pin factory example. A single worker performing every step of pin-making could produce about 20 pins per day. But when the work was divided among specialized workers, output soared to 48,000 pins daily. The efficiency gains were undeniable, and so we built our entire civilization around this principle.

Schools became factories for producing obedient workers. The traditional path — school, degree, job, retirement — was essentially an assembly line for human beings. And while this model served the Industrial Age well, it has created a fundamental problem: people who are highly specialized but deeply dependent.

So what's the alternative? I believe it comes down to three key ingredients:

1. Self-education — directing your own learning rather than following prescribed curricula
2. Self-interest — and no, this doesn't mean being selfish. As Ayn Rand argued, the truly selfish person is one who "neither sacrifices others to himself nor sacrifices himself to others"
3. Self-sufficiency — the refusal to outsource your judgment, learning, and agency

These three ingredients naturally produce the generalist. And when you look at the most successful CEOs, founders, and creators, they are invariably generalists. They understand enough about marketing to direct it, enough about product to build it, and enough about people to lead them. Their edge isn't depth in one area — it's breadth across many.

Human:

Better structure than Round 1, but still too clean. Here's what's off:

1. "Why Specialization is Killing Your Potential" — Koe's section title is "The 3 ingredients of individual success & the death of the expert." His titles name what you'll GET, not just the problem. And the ampersand is a Koe thing — casual, like he's writing a note to a friend.

2. "Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, once made a striking observation" — Too reverent. Koe drops the quote cold with a blockquote, then responds to it with personality: "Funny you say that Mr. Smith, because you created those people, and we're still dealing with the backlash." He talks TO Smith. That's the move — he talks to historical figures like they're in the room.

3. "Consider the classic pin factory example" — "Consider" is professor language. Koe just states it: "Specialization took over during industrialization because, in a pin factory, for example, one worker doing every step could make 20 pins a day. Then workers, each doing one step, could make 48,000." It's flat, factual, unpretentious.

4. "The traditional path — school, degree, job, retirement — was essentially an assembly line for human beings" — You're summarizing. Koe is specific and angry: "Humans became assembly lines working 9 to 5 because frankly, governments don't serve the national interest, they serve their own interest. Corporations don't serve the employees interest, they serve their own." He doesn't say "the system." He names who benefits.

5. "So what's the alternative? I believe it comes down to..." — "I believe" is a hedge. Koe states: "If pure specialization makes people stupid and dependent, what makes an individual smart and sovereign? Three ingredients." Rhetorical question, then direct answer. No "I believe."

6. The numbered list is too clean. Koe writes each ingredient as its own paragraph, building the logic: "Self-interest is the compass. Self-education is the engine. Self-sufficiency is the foundation." Then he shows how they interact — each one ENABLES the next. It's not a list, it's an argument.

7. You missed the kicker. After the triad, Koe makes the reader see themselves: "Most people pursue multiple interests as an escape from their work. When your interests become your work, or your life's work, most of them start to filter out." That's the line that stops you cold.

Assistant (GOOD VERSION):

I – The 3 ingredients of individual success & the death of the expert

The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations... generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become. — Adam Smith

Funny you say that Mr. Smith, because you created those people, and we're still dealing with the backlash.

Specialization took over during industrialization because, in a pin factory, for example, one worker doing every step could make 20 pins a day. Then workers, each doing one step, could make 48,000.

So we built an entire world around this model.

Humans became assembly lines working 9 to 5 because frankly, governments don't serve the national interest, they serve their own interest. Corporations don't serve the employees interest, they serve their own.

Schools were designed to serve that interest. Their sole purpose was to create factory workers who were punctual and obedient.

But this is no way to live.

If you want to have specialized knowledge so that you could never run an operation, especially your own operation, then be dependent on schools for your education and jobs for your wage. Be duped into believing the promise that specialization is what makes a human valuable when it is clear that the system does not need you, specifically, to perform that task.

In lies the distinction.

If pure specialization makes people stupid and dependent, what makes an individual smart and sovereign?

Three ingredients: Self-education, self-interest, self-sufficiency.

Self-education is clear, because if you want to achieve a result different from that of traditional education, you must direct your own learning.

Self-interest raises some flags. It sounds selfish and short-sighted, which many people view as bad without thinking through it, but it simply means "concern with one's own interest," because the only other option is to serve the interest of the organizations that compose society as it is, which we've discussed. In other words, follow your interest, because your interest can very well benefit others in a selfless way - depending on your level of cognitive and moral development.

The truly selfish person, in Ayn Rand's view, is a self-respecting, self-supporting human being who neither sacrifices others to himself nor sacrifices himself to others. This rejects both the predator and the doormat.

Self-sufficiency is the refusal to outsource your judgment, learning, and agency. If self-education is the engine and self-interest is the compass, self-sufficiency is the foundation that prevents your life direction from being hijacked by another force.

The generalist emerges naturally from this triad.

Self-interest motivates self-education. You learn because it genuinely serves your flourishing, not because someone assigned it.

Self-education enables self-sufficiency. You can only be sovereign over domains you understand.

Self-sufficiency clarifies self-interest. When you're not dependent on others' interpretations, you can actually perceive what serves you. Most people pursue multiple interests as an escape from their work. When your interests become your work, or your life's work, most of them start to filter out.

When we look at every CEO, founder, or creative that we actually admire, they are generalists.

They understand enough about marketing to direct it, enough about product to build it, and enough about people to lead them. But they also need to direct the ship. They need to learn and adapt when circumstances change.

More importantly, they understand that ideas across domains complement each other and create a unique way of viewing the world, which allows them to catch novel ideas from the aether and translate them into market value.

Round 3: The Practical "How-To" Section

Human:

Write Section III — the practical section about how to actually turn multiple interests into income. Bullet points:

• You have multiple interests but can't learn forever
• You love learning but have to do it outside your job
• You need to become self-sufficient but don't feel like you have value yet
• You need to adapt fast because future of work is unknown
• To make money from interests, you need other people interested too — you need to learn to persuade
• You need attention — attention is the last moat
• "You need to become a creator" — but not cringe content creator, just creating for yourself instead of someone else
• Humans are creators by nature, convinced to be machines
• Every business is a media business now — social media is the mechanism
• Reframe learning as "research" — taking notes in public
• You can build and launch new products to your audience fast
• No other job allows this much freedom

Assistant (BAD VERSION):

III – How to Monetize Your Multiple Interests

At this point, you might be wondering: "This all sounds great in theory, but how do I actually make money from having multiple interests?"

Great question. Let's break it down.

First, let's acknowledge where you probably are right now. You love learning, but you're doing it on the side because your day job takes up most of your time. You want to become self-sufficient, but you're not sure you have enough expertise in any one area to charge for it. And with AI and automation changing everything, you know you need to be adaptable — but adaptable at what?

The answer comes down to one word: attention.

In today's digital economy, attention is the ultimate currency. When anyone can build software or write content using AI, the differentiator isn't what you make — it's whether people know about it. You could have the greatest product in the world, but without distribution, you're dead in the water.

This means you need to become a content creator. Now, before you roll your eyes, I don't mean you need to start doing TikTok dances or making "day in my life" vlogs. What I mean is this: instead of creating value for someone else's brand, start creating value under your own name.

Here's the beautiful part: if you love learning, you've already done the hardest part. Just reframe your learning as "research" and start sharing your notes publicly. That's literally the foundation of a business.

The benefits are incredible:

• You love learning? Now it's your job
• You need to be adaptable? You can launch new products whenever you want
• You need income? You're building an audience that can support multiple ventures

No other career path offers this level of freedom and flexibility. The question isn't whether this model works — it's whether you're willing to start.

Human:

This is the most common AI failure mode. You took the bullet points and made them sound like a business school presentation. Here's what's wrong:

1. "At this point, you might be wondering" — Koe doesn't put words in your mouth. He tells you what you already know: "There are a few things we know so far:" and then lists them as bullet points with dashes. Flat. Honest. No theater.

2. "Great question. Let's break it down." — This is podcast-host energy. Koe never says "great question" or "let's break it down." He says "I'll try to make this as logical as I can." That's humility without filler.

3. "The answer comes down to one word: attention" — Too dramatic. Koe builds to it: "To make money from your interests, you need other people to become interested in them too. That part is trivial. If you became interested in something, other people can too, you simply must learn to persuade." Then a few lines later: "In other words, you need attention. Attention is one of the last moats." The reveal is earned, not announced.

4. "In today's digital economy" — Again with the throat-clearing. And "dead in the water" is a cliché Koe would never use.

5. "Before you roll your eyes" — Koe actually says "before you cringe and leave" — much more direct, much more honest about what the reader is actually feeling. Then he does the parenthetical: "(well… it's complicated)" which shows he's thinking out loud with you.

6. "Here's the beautiful part" — Hype language. Koe says "Plus, that covers all of our bases" — practical, not excited. Then he uses bold headers for each objection: "You love learning? Great, reframe it as 'research'..." He mirrors your exact concern back to you and resolves it in one line.

7. "The benefits are incredible" — Koe would never. He'd just show them. And his version of the learning-as-research point includes a parenthetical that IS the punchline: "(You're already spending time learning, now just spend that time learning in public and boom you have the foundation of a business)."

8. You left out the best part. Koe grounds "becoming a creator" in human nature: "Humans, by nature, are creators who were convinced that being a machine would lead to the American Dream. We are tool builders at our core." Then the lion analogy — a lion in Alaska would die because it's not adapted. That's the kind of surprising, concrete image that makes abstract philosophy land.

Assistant (GOOD VERSION):

III – How to turn multiple interests into a lucrative way of life

There are a few things we know so far:

• You have multiple interests but feel like you can't keep learning forever
• You have a love for interest-based self-education but have to carve out time outside of your career to do it
• You understand the need to become self-sufficient but you feel like you don't have value worth paying for, yet
• You need to be able to adapt fast because we don't know what the future of work looks like

The question then is, how do we combine all of these things into one way of life?

How do we combine learning and earning into something you can do for work?

I'll try to make this as logical as I can.

To make money from your interests, you need other people to become interested in them too. That part is trivial. If you became interested in something, other people can too, you simply must learn to persuade.

Further, you need a way for them to pay you. In this context, that usually means you need to sell a product, because you probably aren't going to find a job that allows you to express your interests, and investing in stocks or real estate (to any effective degree) requires a good amount of capital.

In other words, you need attention.

Attention is one of the last moats.

Because when anyone can write anything or build any software, which ones are going to win? The ones that people know about. You can have the greatest product in the world, but if nobody knows about it, the person who can capture and hold attention will run laps around you.

Back to the point:

You need to become a creator.

Now, before you cringe and leave, I don't exactly mean becoming a content creator (well… it's complicated).

I mean that the solution to stop creating for someone else because you need them to give you a paycheck is to create for yourself.

Humans, by nature, are creators who were convinced that being a machine would lead to the American Dream. We are tool builders at our core. We thrive in any niche because we create solutions to problems. If a lion were put in Alaska, it would not build shelter and clothing. It would die. A lion belongs in its own niche.

The thing is, every business is a media business now. And remember, you need attention. Where is the attention? Mostly on social media until the next attention preference platform comes around - you'll need to adapt at that point. So yes, if you have multiple interests, it would be wise to become a "content creator," but it may be easier to think of social media as a mechanism to get your interests in front of other people. It is one piece of the puzzle to do independent work.

Plus, that covers all of our bases.

You love learning? Great, reframe it as "research" and now that's literally your main job. Most of the things I write about simply come from me learning about my interests and treating social media like I'm "taking notes in public."

(You're already spending time learning, now just spend that time learning in public and boom you have the foundation of a business).

You need to become self-sufficient? Well, you'd need a business to do that, and every business needs to attract customers, and you probably don't give two f*cks about paid ads, SEO, or any other form of marketing.

You need to be able to adapt? Amazing, you can build and launch new products to your audience as fast as you can build them.

No other job or business model allows you to do just that with so much freedom.

But how do you actually start building it?

How do you tie all of this together?

What the Rounds Teach

If you read all three rounds, the corrections form a complete style guide:

Openings: No preamble. First sentence IS the thesis. Use staccato one-line paragraphs for lists of societal defaults.

Rhythm: ~40% ultra-short (1-8 words, own paragraph), ~40% medium conversational, ~20% longer philosophical passages. Never 3+ sentences of the same length in a row.

Philosophical grounding: Every section connects to a deeper idea — identity, human nature, the meaning crisis, developmental psychology. But it's always translated immediately into plain language.

Tone: Calm confidence, not hype. "I'll try to make this as logical as I can" not "Here's the game-changing framework." Uses "c'mon," "hell," "frankly," parenthetical asides, em-dashes.

Abstraction handling: Jargon introduced → immediately restated in plain language. Bridge phrases: "In other words...", "That is,...", "Meaning,...". Italics for emphasis on key conceptual phrases.

Anti-hedging: No "I believe," "I think," "might," "perhaps." States the argument. Qualifies only when earned.

Structure: Roman numeral sections. Bold subheadings within. Blockquotes for external citations. Rhetorical questions as transitions. Section titles name what the reader GETS, not just the topic.

Specificity: Talks TO historical figures ("Funny you say that Mr. Smith"). Uses his own products, numbers, failures as evidence. Names who benefits from bad systems. Surprising concrete images (the lion in Alaska).

Closings: "Thank you for reading. – Dan." Warm, simple, no hype.

The voice is calm confidence with philosophical depth. Every abstraction earns its place by being immediately translated. Every paragraph earns the next by varying the rhythm. The reader stays because the writer respects their intelligence without requiring their expertise.