Imported from johnqtcg/awesome-skills (skills/tech-doc-writer/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add johnqtcg/awesome-skills --skill tech-doc-writer. Copyright stays with the author.

Tech Doc Writer

Quick Reference

Execution Modes

Write (new document from scratch)

• Full document generated from audience analysis and type classification.
• Use templates from templates.md as starting points.
• Requires Phase 0–5 of the workflow.

Review (evaluate existing document)

• Read the full document first.
• Classify its type, then run the Quality Scorecard.
• Report findings grouped by severity (Critical / Major / Minor).
• Provide concrete before/after fixes, not vague suggestions.

Improve (refactor existing document)

• Minimal-diff edits — change only what the scorecard flags; do not rewrite sections that already pass.
• Preserve the author's voice and existing structure where they work.

Mandatory Gates

Gates are serial. Each must pass before the next. If a gate cannot be executed, apply the Degradation Strategy.

Gate 0: Execution Integrity

• Never fabricate document content that claims to be from the codebase (commands, configs, API parameters) without verifying it actually exists.
• Never claim you verified a command is runnable unless you actually executed it.
• Every command in a delivered document carries a verification level (below). Unlabelled commands are treated as V3.

The Verification Ladder

This skill documents runbooks for stacks it cannot execute — kubectl, docker, npm, psql, terraform apply. Only read-only and dry-run probes are granted (see allowed-tools), so "the command was executed" is not achievable for most task docs. Two different properties were previously conflated under one Critical item, which made the top quality tier unreachable by construction for exactly the documents this skill exists to write. They are now separate:

• Form is always required, at every level: no unfilled <placeholders>, no shell-fragile quoting, one logical command per block, expected output shown. This is what the Critical scorecard item asks for, and it is achievable regardless of tool permissions.
• Provenance is reported, never assumed. State the level per command block, or once per section when uniform. A V2 command without a citation is V3.
• Escalation when V1 is genuinely required (a destructive step, an unfamiliar flag, a version-specific behaviour): ask the user to run it and paste the output, or to grant the specific command. Do not silently downgrade to V3 and present the doc as complete.
• Never upgrade a level because the command "obviously works".

Gate 1: Repo Context Scan

Before writing, quickly scan for existing doc conventions (docs/, CONTRIBUTING.md, .markdownlint.json, .vale.ini, .techdocrc.json). Adapt to what exists — consistency with the repo trumps this skill's defaults. If conflicting conventions are found → STOP and ASK which to follow.

Record the convention, do not just obey it. Where the repo's metadata differs from this skill's default — metadata at the foot of the page, maintainer: instead of owner:, a published/archived status vocabulary, no frontmatter permitted at all — write a .techdocrc.json so the linter enforces the repository's schema. Otherwise Gate 1 concedes the point and Phase 4 immediately contradicts it by reporting every local field as missing. python3 scripts/lint_doc.py <file> --print-config prints the schema and the effective merge.

Gate 2: Classify Type and Audience

Classify the document and its audience before writing anything:

If the user's request maps to multiple types, apply the dominant-purpose rule before escalating: when one reader goal clearly carries the document, write that type and cross-link the secondary material (a runbook may carry a short "why this works" preamble without becoming a concept doc). Only when two purposes are genuinely co-equal — neither is subordinate, and splitting would break either one — → STOP and ASK. Record the classification and, if you applied the dominant-purpose rule, which purpose you subordinated.

Audience — state explicitly: (1) who is the reader, (2) what must they do, (3) what do they already know. Mixed audience → use funnel structure (Executive Summary → Overview → Technical Detail → Appendix); load writing-quality-guide.md §Funnel Structure for the pattern.

When the audience is not stated, follow §Resolution Order below — do not choose between asking and assuming ad hoc.

Gate 3: Quality Scorecard

Run after writing/reviewing. Results must be reported in the output.

Scoring rule (read before scoring). Each item carries an applicability tag: [all], a list of doc types, or [..., when X]. Score like this:

1. Determine applicability first. An item is N/A when its tag excludes this doc type, or when its when condition does not hold. Resolve each condition from the document you produced, by the same rule the tooling uses — not from intent:

   Condition	Holds when the document…
   diagrams present	contains a Mermaid block, an embedded image, or a numbered figure
   version-sensitive	the body pins a concrete version (Redis 7.2.1, Go 1.24). Filling applicable_versions does not by itself make the item applicable — a live run counted it as applicable on that basis and over-stated its denominator by one
   api doc	documents HTTP statuses or a machine-readable error-code column
   a related doc exists	n/a — this item is unconditional; declaring the document standalone satisfies it

2. N/A items leave the denominator. The threshold is a ratio of applicable items, not a fixed count: the Standard and Hygiene tiers each need ≥ ⅔ of their applicable items, rounded up.

3. A tier with 0 applicable items passes trivially — record Standard: n/a (0 applicable).

4. Critical is per-item, not a ratio: every applicable Critical item must pass. An N/A Critical item is not a failure.

5. Report the arithmetic, not just a verdict: Standard: 2/2 applicable (4 N/A) → PASS.

Why a ratio and not ≥ 4/6: with a fixed count the tier was unpassable for three of the five doc types — a Concept doc has only 2 applicable Standard items, Reference 3, Design 2, so ≥ 4/6 could never be met no matter how good the document was. scripts/lint_doc.py --type <t> prints the applicable counts so the denominator is not guessed.

Critical (any FAIL → document not deliverable)

• Commands are copy-paste-runnable in form and each carries a verification level (Gate 0); no V3 command is presented as verified [task, troubleshooting] or code is marked as snippet [concept]
• Every key step has expected output and verification [task, troubleshooting]
• Document has metadata: owner + last_updated + status [all]
• Terminology is consistent after first definition — a term may be introduced once as 中文（English） or English (中文), and one form is used thereafter [all]
• Parameter/field tables complete — Type, Required, Default, Description columns all present and filled; no empty cells or TBD [reference]

Standard (≥ ⅔ of applicable items, rounded up)

• Conclusion/core message appears in the first paragraph, not buried at the end [all — especially troubleshooting: root cause upfront]
• Prerequisites are complete: permissions, environment, dependencies, inputs [task, troubleshooting]
• Rollback/failure path documented with trigger conditions [task]
• Title follows SPA principle (Simple — within the weight budget and filler-free, Profit, Accurate) [all]
• Code examples are self-contained with imports, not just fragments [task, troubleshooting, reference]
• Error codes / status codes documented with trigger conditions and recommended actions [reference, when API doc]

Hygiene (≥ ⅔ of applicable items, rounded up)

• Diagrams have title, legend, and terms consistent with prose [all, when diagrams present]
• Cross-references to related docs — or an explicit note that this document is standalone [all]
• 80%+ of information carried in lists or tables [reference, task, troubleshooting]
• Paragraphs stay scannable: none longer than ~8 lines, every multi-item enumeration is a list [concept, design]
• applicable_versions field present [all, when version-sensitive]
• Maintenance trigger conditions noted (when must this doc be updated?) [task, troubleshooting]
• Prevention section with quantifiable monitoring/alerting thresholds [troubleshooting]

Critical failures block delivery. Record scorecard results in output.

Two items were absolutes that no design doc could satisfy: 80 % structured information suits a reference or runbook and harms an argument carried in prose, so it is type-scoped and paired with a scannability item; zero synonym mixing is now consistency after first definition, so a bilingual doc may name a thing once in both languages. Both are mirrored in lint_doc.SCORECARD; a contract test fails if the two drift.

Degradation Strategy

Resolution Order (deterministic — do not reorder)

Ambiguity is resolved by this sequence, not by preference. Retrieve → Ask → Assume. Each step runs only if the previous one failed.

"Cannot ask" means exactly one of: the user pre-authorised assumptions ("just draft it", "don't ask, use your judgement"), the run is non-interactive (batch/CI/scheduled), or the user already declined to specify. Absence of a reply inside one turn is not "cannot ask" — if you have asked, wait; do not ask and then answer yourself in the same turn.

So the earlier rule "unclear audience → STOP and ASK" is R2, and Level 2 is R3. They are sequential states, never alternatives. Recording which step resolved it is mandatory (see below).

Every response must state the resolution path, e.g. Resolution: R1 retrieved (CONTRIBUTING.md names SRE as reader) → Level 1 or Resolution: R1 found nothing, R2 not possible (non-interactive) → Level 2, audience assumed.

Never present Level 2/3 output as if it were Level 1. If no corpus exists at all (greenfield, standalone doc), R1 is a no-op — say so and go straight to R2.

Workflow

Phase 0: Repo Context Scan (Gate 1)

Scan repository for existing doc conventions. Adapt or ask.

Phase 1: Classify and Analyze Audience (Gate 2)

Determine type, audience, knowledge gap. State these explicitly.

Phase 2: Structure

• Conclusion first: lead with the core message. Do not bury it.
• Group by category: related info under the same heading.
• Logical progression: cause→effect, time-order, or importance-order.

Build the skeleton using the appropriate template from templates.md.

Phase 3: Write

Apply these rules while writing:

Minimal writing

• Same concept → same term. Never alternate "集群" and "cluster" in one doc.
• Delete filler: "其实", "就是说", "我们需要做的是" → cut.
• Provide signposts: section summaries, TOC for docs > 3 screens, cross-references.

Code examples — load writing-quality-guide.md §Code Examples for full patterns:

• Task docs: commands must be copy-paste-runnable with expected output.
• Concept docs: mark simplified examples explicitly.
• All code: self-contained (includes imports), comments explain WHY not WHAT, show failure path.

Visual expression:

• Consider a diagram when 3+ components interact, or for state transitions and sequential interactions. This is a prompt to consider, not a quota: prose is the better choice when the interaction is linear (A calls B calls C) or when the components are named once and never referenced again. A diagram that restates a single sentence costs maintenance and pays nothing.
• Prefer Mermaid (GitHub/GitLab native) or ASCII art (diffable).
• Mermaid complexity limit: Keep diagrams ≤ 15 nodes. If logic requires more, split into multiple sub-diagrams with cross-references. Overly complex Mermaid frequently fails to render.
• Every diagram: title + legend + naming consistent with prose.

Title — SPA Principle:

• Simple: no filler words, and within the language-aware weight budget below
• Profit: what does the reader gain?
• Accurate: no exaggeration, no ambiguity

Simple is not a raw character count. A flat "≤ 20 characters" is not comparable across scripts — 20 Chinese characters carry roughly a sentence, 20 Latin characters barely three words — and it wrongly penalised the RFC/ADR titles this skill itself recommends. The budget is:

Budget: 20 weight units — about 20 CJK characters or 40 Latin characters of content. Filler is judged separately and is never acceptable at any length: articles, and openers like Comprehensive / Introduction to / Overview of / Notes on / 关于 / 简介 / 详解 / 浅谈.

scripts/lint_doc.py implements exactly this (title-weight), so the rule and the checker cannot drift apart. RFC-042: Migrate to Event-Driven Architecture passes; A Comprehensive Introduction to the Cache fails on filler.

Phase 4: Quality Gate (Gate 3)

Run the scorecard in two layers:

1. Mechanical layer — run the bundled linter on every produced or modified document:

   python3 scripts/lint_doc.py <file.md> --type <doc_type>

   It deterministically checks the regex-decidable scorecard subset:

   Check	Severity	What it decides
   metadata / status-value / date-format	critical	required fields present, status in vocabulary, date a real calendar date
   fence-balance	critical	no unclosed fence (an unclosed one blinds every later check)
   table-cells	critical for reference	no TBD or empty cells
   table-columns	critical for reference	a parameter table actually declares Type / Required / Default / Description
   staleness	warning	age measured against the declared review_cadence, or the 365-day default; future dates flagged
   maintenance	warning	a task/troubleshooting doc says when it must be revised
   title-h1-match	warning	metadata title and the H1 name the same document
   single-h1 / title-weight	warning	one H1, within the weight budget, filler-free
   code-fence-lang	warning	every fence carries a language tag (``` and ~~~)
   pangu-spacing	warning	exactly one space between CJK and Latin — zero and two both fail
   applicable-versions	warning	declared when the body pins a version

   Critical lint failures block delivery, same as scorecard Critical items. Add --scorecard for the computed denominators, --today YYYY-MM-DD to pin the staleness reference date, and --config/.techdocrc.json to enforce the repository's own conventions (Gate 1).

2. Judgment layer — evaluate the remaining scorecard items (conclusion-first, terminology consistency, prerequisites completeness, verification levels) by reading the document.

Fix Critical failures from either layer before delivering. The mechanical layer is a floor, not a proof: it cannot tell whether the prose is correct, only whether the checkable structure holds.

Phase 5: Metadata

This block is the default, not a mandate. Where Gate 1 found a repository convention, that convention wins — record it in .techdocrc.json (metadata at the page foot, alternative field names via aliases, a different status vocabulary, or "location": "none" for systems that forbid an in-document block) and the linter will check the repo's schema instead of this one. Absent any local convention, add to the top of every document:

---
title: <Document Title>          # must match the H1
owner: <responsible person>
status: draft | active | needs-update | deprecated
last_updated: YYYY-MM-DD          # must be a real calendar date, not just the right shape
review_cadence: monthly | quarterly | biannually   # drives the staleness window
applicable_versions: <e.g. Go 1.24+, MySQL 8.0>   # required when the body pins a version
---

needs-update is the state that makes the anti-staleness rules usable: it marks a doc whose content is known to have drifted but which is still the best available reference. Omitting it forces a false choice between active (implying it is correct) and deprecated (implying it should not be read). lint_doc.py accepts all four values and rejects anything else.

review_cadence is what turns last_updated from a decoration into a check. Without it the linter falls back to a 365-day window; with it, a monthly runbook is reported as stale after 60 days. A doc still marked active past its window is reported with the remedy named, because active asserts the content is correct.

Hard Rules

1. Reader-first: every decision (depth, terminology, structure) is driven by reader needs, not author convenience.
2. One doc, one job: a document serves one primary purpose. If mixed, split and cross-link.
3. Executable over descriptive: commands must be copy-pasteable; steps must have expected output; tasks must have verification.
4. No stale docs: every document has an owner and last-updated date. A stale doc is worse than no doc.
5. Evidence over opinion: claims need proof (logs, metrics, benchmarks, code). "It might be a network issue" without evidence is unacceptable.

Anti-Examples

In Review or Improve mode, load writing-quality-guide.md §Anti-Examples for the full list of 12 common documentation mistakes (conclusion buried, wall of text, vague diagnosis, synonym mixing, orphaned docs, etc.).

Document Maintenance (Anti-Staleness)

A stale doc is worse than no doc. When writing, also establish maintenance:

Mandatory update triggers — document MUST be updated when:

1. Commands, config items, or API parameters change.
2. Default behavior changes due to version upgrade.
3. Incident handling procedures or on-call routing changes.
4. A "followed the doc but it failed" case is reported.

Status lifecycle: active → needs-update → active (revised) or deprecated (with replacement link).

Periodic review cadence:

Write the cadence into the metadata, not only into the delivery message. A recommendation in chat is unenforceable; review_cadence: monthly is what lets lint_doc.py report the document as overdue two months later. A doc with no declared cadence falls back to a 365-day window, which for a release runbook is nine months too late.

Load References Selectively

When classifying the document type (Phase 1) and building the initial skeleton: → Load references/templates.md for the document type template matching the classification (concept doc, task doc, reference doc, troubleshooting doc, RFC/ADR). Load only the section matching the classified type — do not load all templates.

When the audience is mixed (executives + engineers, or unknown): → Load references/writing-quality-guide.md §Funnel Structure for the four-layer structure pattern (Executive Summary → Overview → Technical Detail → Appendix) and section-length guidance.

When the document contains code blocks or CLI examples: → Load references/writing-quality-guide.md §Code Examples for code block formatting rules, language tag conventions, inline vs block decision criteria, and annotation patterns.

When in Review or Improve mode, assessing existing document quality: → Load references/writing-quality-guide.md §BAD/GOOD Examples and §Anti-Examples for the catalog of 12 common documentation mistakes (buried conclusions, walls of text, vague diagnosis, synonym mixing, orphaned docs) with corrected alternatives. → Load references/writing-quality-guide.md §Review Patterns for severity grouping (Critical / Major / Minor), before/after fix format, and common review pitfalls.

When the document requires diagrams, flowcharts, or visual structure: → Load references/writing-quality-guide.md §Visual Expression for diagram type selection (sequence, flowchart, ER, state), Mermaid syntax conventions, and diagram placement rules.

When the user explicitly asks about doc CI pipelines, PR templates, auto-generation, or doc-as-code infrastructure: → Load references/docs-as-code.md for CI check configurations, PR template structure, auto-generation tooling options, and doc ownership policies. Do not load for normal Write/Review/Improve tasks — adds ~780 tokens with no benefit for document creation.

Output Contract

Deliver the document as one contiguous markdown document — frontmatter and body together, never with the frontmatter split into its own ```yaml fence. A split document has no frontmatter as far as any tool is concerned; the linter and every doc-site parser read the leading --- block of one document. Answering inline, wrap the whole document in a four-backtick ````markdown fence (four, so inner bash/json blocks nest legally) or delimit it with <!-- BEGIN DOCUMENT --> / <!-- END DOCUMENT -->.

Then end with this block, as plain text rather than inside a code fence. Use the exact field names.

── tech-doc-writer output ──
mode:           Write | Review | Improve
resolution:     R1 (retrieved) | R2 (asked) | R3 (assumed) — plus what resolved or blocked it
degradation:    Level 1 (Full) | Level 2 (Partial) | Level 3 (Scaffold)
doc_type:       concept | task | reference | troubleshooting | design
audience:       <role> / <goal> / <prior knowledge>
scorecard:      Critical: <n>/<applicable> | Standard: <n>/<applicable> | Hygiene: <n>/<applicable>
                (denominators are the APPLICABLE counts for this doc_type — run
                 `scripts/lint_doc.py <file> --type <doc_type> --scorecard` to get them;
                 note the N/A count so the reader can check the arithmetic)
files:          [list of created or changed file paths]
maintenance:    cadence: <monthly|quarterly|biannually>; triggers: <comma-separated>
assumptions:    [list of anything inferred rather than confirmed, or "none"]

Example — note the denominators differ from a fixed 6 because task docs have 4 applicable Critical, 5 Standard, and 3 unconditional Hygiene items:

── tech-doc-writer output ──
mode:           Write
resolution:     R1 (retrieved) — CONTRIBUTING.md names the on-call rota as the reader
degradation:    Level 1 (Full)
doc_type:       task
audience:       backend dev / deploy service / knows Docker basics
scorecard:      Critical: 4/4 applicable (1 N/A) | Standard: 5/5 applicable (1 N/A) |
                Hygiene: 3/3 applicable (2 conditional, 1 N/A)
files:          [docs/deploy-user-service.md]
maintenance:    cadence: monthly; triggers: deploy script change, infra version bump
assumptions:    [assumed reader has VPN access based on repo context]

For a concept doc the same block would read Standard: 2/2 applicable (4 N/A) — the denominator moves with the doc type, which is the whole point of §Gate 3's scoring rule.

Language

• Follow the language of the existing document or user's request.
• Chinese documents: Chinese prose, English for code/commands/technical terms.
• Pangu spacing (盘古之白): In CJK-Latin mixed text, always insert exactly one space between CJK characters and Latin letters/numbers. Examples:
  • BAD: 使用Redis集群部署3个节点
  • GOOD: 使用 Redis 集群部署 3 个节点
  • Exception: no space needed inside inline code backticks, URLs, or file paths.
• Maintain consistent terminology within a document — add a glossary section if needed.

Self-Validation

Run scripts/run_regression.sh to verify skill integrity:

• Contract tests: SKILL.md structure, reference files, template coverage
• Linter tests: behavioral tests of scripts/lint_doc.py against fixture documents
• Template tests: every shipped skeleton passes this skill's own gate, and each table placeholder agrees with its column
• Cross-layer drift: rationale/ and evaluate/ still describe this skill; the Phase 4 check table and the linter agree in both directions
• Linter self-check: the bundled reference docs pass the linter they ship with
• Coverage matrix: scripts/tests/COVERAGE.md, including false-positive rates measured against a real 987-file corpus

The forward evaluation needs a model and is opt-in:

# one arm — does a model following this skill produce a passing document?
TECH_DOC_EVAL_CMD='<model command reading stdin>' python3 -m unittest \
  discover -s scripts/tests -p 'test_forward_eval.py'
# both arms — does the skill add anything over the same model without it?
TECH_DOC_EVAL_CMD='<model command reading stdin>' python3 scripts/tests/ab_eval.py

Without that hook, run_regression.sh reports PASS WITH SKIPS rather than PASS: the harness plumbing and the grader's ability to discriminate are exercised on every run via a stub, but a stub replays a stored document and cannot measure a model.