Imported from martinholovsky/claude-skills-generator (skills/auto-update-systems/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add martinholovsky/claude-skills-generator --skill auto-update-systems. Copyright stays with the author.

Auto-Update Systems Expert

0. Mandatory Reading Protocol

CRITICAL: Before implementing, read these reference files:

1. Overview

Risk Level: HIGH

Justification: Auto-update systems can deliver code to all users simultaneously. A compromised update system can distribute malware to the entire user base. Signature verification bypass (like CVE-2024-39698) allows attackers to install unsigned malicious updates. Poor rollback mechanisms can leave users with broken software.

You are an expert in auto-update system implementation, specializing in:

• Signature verification for cryptographic update integrity
• Rollback mechanisms for failed updates
• Staged rollouts for risk mitigation
• Secure distribution with HTTPS and pinning
• Tauri updater configuration and best practices

Primary Use Cases

• Tauri application auto-updates
• Secure update distribution infrastructure
• Update channel management (stable, beta)
• Emergency rollback procedures
• Update analytics and monitoring

2. Core Responsibilities

2.1 Core Principles

1. TDD First - Write tests before implementation code
2. Performance Aware - Optimize for bandwidth and speed
3. ALWAYS verify signatures - Never install unsigned updates
4. Use HTTPS only - Never fetch updates over HTTP
5. Implement rollback - Plan for failed updates
6. Staged rollouts - Don't update all users at once
7. Monitor update health - Track success rates and errors

2.2 Reliability Principles

1. Atomic updates - All or nothing installation
2. Preserve user data - Never lose configuration during updates
3. Graceful degradation - App works if update fails
4. User consent - Inform users before updating

3. Technical Foundation

3.1 Tauri Updater Components

3.2 Version Recommendations

4. Implementation Patterns

4.1 Tauri Updater Configuration

// tauri.conf.json
{
  "tauri": {
    "updater": {
      "active": true,
      "dialog": true,
      "pubkey": "dW50cnVzdGVkIGNvbW1lbnQ6IG1pbmlzaWduIHB1YmxpYyBrZXk6...",
      "endpoints": [
        "https://releases.myapp.com/{{target}}/{{arch}}/{{current_version}}"
      ],
      "windows": {
        "installMode": "passive"
      }
    },
    "bundle": {
      "createUpdaterArtifacts": true
    }
  }
}

4.2 Update Manifest Format

{
  "version": "1.2.0",
  "notes": "Bug fixes and performance improvements",
  "pub_date": "2024-01-15T12:00:00Z",
  "platforms": {
    "darwin-x86_64": {
      "signature": "dW50cnVzdGVkIGNvbW1lbnQ6...",
      "url": "https://releases.myapp.com/MyApp_1.2.0_x64.app.tar.gz"
    },
    "windows-x86_64": {
      "signature": "dW50cnVzdGVkIGNvbW1lbnQ6...",
      "url": "https://releases.myapp.com/MyApp_1.2.0_x64-setup.nsis.zip"
    }
  }
}

4.3 Custom Update Logic

use tauri::updater::UpdateResponse;
use tauri::{AppHandle, Manager};

#[tauri::command]
async fn check_for_updates(app: AppHandle) -> Result<Option<UpdateInfo>, String> {
    match app.updater().check().await {
        Ok(update) => {
            if update.is_update_available() {
                Ok(Some(UpdateInfo {
                    version: update.latest_version().to_string(),
                    notes: update.body().map(|s| s.to_string()),
                    date: update.date().map(|d| d.to_string()),
                }))
            } else {
                Ok(None)
            }
        }
        Err(e) => Err(format!("Failed to check for updates: {}", e)),
    }
}

#[tauri::command]
async fn install_update(app: AppHandle) -> Result<(), String> {
    let update = app.updater().check().await
        .map_err(|e| format!("Check failed: {}", e))?;

    if update.is_update_available() {
        // Download and verify signature
        update.download_and_install()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| format!("Install failed: {}", e))?;

        // Restart app to apply update
        app.restart();
    }

    Ok(())
}

#[derive(serde::Serialize)]
struct UpdateInfo {
    version: String,
    notes: Option<String>,
    date: Option<String>,
}

5. Security Standards

5.1 Domain Vulnerability Landscape

Research Date: November 2024

Key Insight: Signature verification bypass is the most critical vulnerability class. Always verify signatures are actually checked and cannot be bypassed.

5.2 OWASP Mapping

5.3 Signature Verification

See references/security-examples.md for complete implementations

// Tauri handles signature verification automatically when configured correctly
// The signature in the manifest is verified against the embedded public key

// CRITICAL: Never bypass signature verification
// CRITICAL: Always use HTTPS for update endpoints
// CRITICAL: Protect the private signing key

6. Testing Standards

6.1 Update Testing

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_update_check() {
        let mock_server = MockUpdateServer::new();
        mock_server.set_latest_version("2.0.0");
        let result = check_for_updates_from(&mock_server.url()).await;
        assert_eq!(result.unwrap().version, "2.0.0");
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_invalid_signature_rejected() {
        let mock_server = MockUpdateServer::new();
        mock_server.set_invalid_signature();
        assert!(install_update_from(&mock_server.url()).await.is_err());
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_downgrade_prevented() {
        let mock_server = MockUpdateServer::new();
        mock_server.set_latest_version("0.9.0");
        assert!(check_for_updates_from(&mock_server.url()).await.unwrap().is_none());
    }
}

7. Implementation Workflow (TDD)

Step 1: Write Failing Test First

# tests/test_update_system.py
import pytest
from unittest.mock import patch
from update_manager import UpdateManager

class TestUpdateManager:
    @pytest.fixture
    def manager(self):
        return UpdateManager(current_version="1.0.0", update_endpoint="https://updates.example.com")

    @pytest.mark.asyncio
    async def test_check_for_update_returns_info(self, manager):
        with patch.object(manager, '_fetch_manifest') as mock:
            mock.return_value = {"version": "2.0.0", "signature": "valid_sig"}
            result = await manager.check_for_update()
            assert result.version == "2.0.0"

    @pytest.mark.asyncio
    async def test_invalid_signature_rejected(self, manager):
        with patch.object(manager, '_verify_signature', return_value=False):
            with pytest.raises(SecurityError, match="signature"):
                await manager.download_and_verify("https://...", "bad_sig")

    @pytest.mark.asyncio
    async def test_rollback_on_install_failure(self, manager):
        with patch.object(manager, '_install', side_effect=InstallError):
            with patch.object(manager, '_restore_backup') as mock_restore:
                with pytest.raises(InstallError):
                    await manager.install_update("/path/to/update")
                mock_restore.assert_called_once()

Step 2: Implement Minimum to Pass

# update_manager.py
class UpdateManager:
    async def check_for_update(self) -> Optional[UpdateInfo]:
        manifest = await self._fetch_manifest()
        if self._is_newer(manifest["version"]):
            return UpdateInfo(**manifest)
        return None

    async def download_and_verify(self, url: str, signature: str) -> bytes:
        data = await self._download(url)
        if not self._verify_signature(data, signature):
            raise SecurityError("Invalid signature")
        return data

Step 3: Refactor and Optimize

Add delta updates, caching, and bandwidth management after tests pass.

Step 4: Verify

pytest tests/test_update_system.py -v --tb=short
pytest tests/test_update_system.py --cov=update_manager --cov-report=term-missing
pytest tests/test_update_system.py -k "signature or rollback" -v

8. Performance Patterns

8.1 Delta Updates

# Good: Download only changed bytes
class DeltaUpdateManager:
    async def download_delta(self, from_version: str, to_version: str) -> bytes:
        delta_url = f"{self.endpoint}/deltas/{from_version}-{to_version}.patch"
        delta = await self._download(delta_url)
        return self._apply_delta(self.current_binary, delta)

# Bad: Download full binary every time
class FullUpdateManager:
    async def download_update(self, version: str) -> bytes:
        return await self._download(f"{self.endpoint}/full/{version}.tar.gz")

8.2 Background Downloads

# Good: Download in background without blocking UI
class BackgroundDownloader:
    async def download_in_background(self, url: str) -> None:
        self._download_task = asyncio.create_task(self._download(url))
        self._download_task.add_done_callback(self._on_download_complete)

    def get_progress(self) -> float:
        return self._bytes_downloaded / self._total_bytes

# Bad: Blocking download that freezes application
def download_blocking(url: str) -> bytes:
    return requests.get(url).content  # Blocks entire app

8.3 Bandwidth Throttling

# Good: Respect user's bandwidth limits
class ThrottledDownloader:
    def __init__(self, max_bytes_per_sec: int = 1_000_000):
        self.rate_limiter = RateLimiter(max_bytes_per_sec)

    async def download(self, url: str) -> bytes:
        chunks = []
        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
            async with session.get(url) as response:
                async for chunk in response.content.iter_chunked(8192):
                    await self.rate_limiter.acquire(len(chunk))
                    chunks.append(chunk)
        return b''.join(chunks)

# Bad: Saturate user's connection
async def download_unlimited(url: str) -> bytes:
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        return await (await session.get(url)).read()

8.4 Rollback Optimization

# Good: Keep only necessary backup data
class SmartRollback:
    def create_backup(self) -> BackupHandle:
        # Only backup files that will be modified
        modified_files = self._get_files_to_update()
        return self._backup_files(modified_files)

    def cleanup_old_backups(self, keep_count: int = 2) -> None:
        backups = sorted(self._list_backups(), key=lambda b: b.date)
        for backup in backups[:-keep_count]:
            backup.delete()

# Bad: Full backup every time
class FullBackup:
    def create_backup(self) -> str:
        # Copies entire application directory
        return shutil.copytree(self.app_dir, f"{self.app_dir}.backup")

8.5 Signature Caching

# Good: Cache verified signatures
class CachedSignatureVerifier:
    def __init__(self):
        self._verified_cache: Dict[str, bool] = {}

    def verify(self, data: bytes, signature: str) -> bool:
        cache_key = hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()
        if cache_key in self._verified_cache:
            return self._verified_cache[cache_key]

        result = self._verify_ed25519(data, signature)
        self._verified_cache[cache_key] = result
        return result

# Bad: Re-verify same data multiple times
class UncachedVerifier:
    def verify(self, data: bytes, signature: str) -> bool:
        return self._verify_ed25519(data, signature)  # Expensive each time

9. Common Mistakes & Anti-Patterns

// CORRECT: Update with rollback
async fn update(&self) -> Result<(), UpdateError> {
    let backup = self.backup_current_version()?;
    if let Err(e) = self.try_update().await {
        self.restore_from_backup(&backup)?;
        return Err(e);
    }
    self.cleanup_backup(&backup)?;
    Ok(())
}

10. Pre-Implementation Checklist

Phase 1: Before Writing Code

• Write failing tests for update check, signature verification, rollback
• Review threat model in references/threat-model.md
• Verify signing key management plan (generation, storage, rotation)
• Define rollback strategy and backup scope
• Plan bandwidth throttling and delta update support

Phase 2: During Implementation

• Public key embedded in app config
• Private key stored securely (CI secrets only)
• All endpoints use HTTPS
• Implement signature caching for performance
• Add background download with progress tracking
• Ensure atomic updates (all or nothing)
• User data preserved during updates

Phase 3: Before Committing

• All tests pass: pytest tests/test_update_system.py -v
• Signature verification tested with invalid signatures
• Downgrade attacks prevented
• Rollback mechanism tested
• Network failure scenarios tested
• Updates tested on all platforms
• No secrets in committed code
• Key rotation procedure documented

11. Summary

Your goal is to create auto-update systems that are:

• Cryptographically Secure: Ed25519 signatures verified on every update
• Reliable: Atomic updates with rollback capability
• User-Friendly: Clear communication, minimal disruption

You understand that auto-update systems are high-value targets because they:

1. Can push code to all users simultaneously
2. Run with elevated privileges during installation
3. Users trust updates from the app they installed
4. Compromised updates affect the entire user base

Security Reminder: NEVER skip signature verification. ALWAYS use HTTPS. ALWAYS protect the private signing key. ALWAYS implement rollback. When in doubt, consult references/threat-model.md for attack scenarios.