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Building SOC Metrics and KPI Tracking

When to Use

Use this skill when:

SOC leadership needs data-driven visibility into operational performance
Continuous improvement programs require baseline measurements and trend tracking
Executive reporting demands quantified security posture and ROI metrics
Staffing decisions need objective workload and capacity data
Compliance audits require documented SOC performance evidence

Do not use metrics as punitive measures against analysts — metrics should drive process improvement, not individual performance management.

Prerequisites

SIEM with 90+ days of incident and alert disposition data
Incident ticketing system (ServiceNow, Jira) with timestamp data for incident lifecycle
Analyst shift schedules and staffing data
ATT&CK Navigator for detection coverage tracking
Dashboard platform (Splunk, Grafana, or Power BI)

Workflow

Step 1: Define Core SOC Metrics Framework

Establish the key metrics aligned to NIST CSF functions:

Metric	Definition	Target	NIST CSF
MTTD	Time from threat occurrence to SOC detection	<15 min	Detect
MTTA	Time from alert to analyst acknowledgment	<5 min	Respond
MTTI	Time from acknowledgment to investigation start	<10 min	Respond
MTTC	Time from investigation to containment	<1 hour	Respond
MTTR	Time from detection to full resolution	<4 hours	Recover
FP Rate	Percentage of false positive alerts	<30%	Detect
TP Rate	Percentage of true positive alerts	>40%	Detect
Coverage	ATT&CK techniques with active detection	>60%	Detect
Dwell Time	Attacker time in network before detection	<24 hours	Detect
Escalation Rate	% of Tier 1 alerts escalated to Tier 2/3	15-25%	Respond

Step 2: Implement MTTD/MTTR Measurement

Mean Time to Detect (MTTD):

index=notable earliest=-30d status_label="Resolved*"
| eval mttd_seconds = _time - orig_time
| where mttd_seconds > 0 AND mttd_seconds < 86400  --- Exclude data quality issues
| stats avg(mttd_seconds) AS avg_mttd,
        median(mttd_seconds) AS med_mttd,
        perc90(mttd_seconds) AS p90_mttd,
        perc95(mttd_seconds) AS p95_mttd
  by urgency
| eval avg_mttd_min = round(avg_mttd / 60, 1)
| eval med_mttd_min = round(med_mttd / 60, 1)
| eval p90_mttd_min = round(p90_mttd / 60, 1)
| table urgency, avg_mttd_min, med_mttd_min, p90_mttd_min

Mean Time to Respond (MTTR):

index=notable earliest=-30d status_label="Resolved*"
| eval mttr_seconds = status_end - _time
| where mttr_seconds > 0 AND mttr_seconds < 604800  --- <7 days
| stats avg(mttr_seconds) AS avg_mttr,
        median(mttr_seconds) AS med_mttr,
        perc90(mttr_seconds) AS p90_mttr
  by urgency
| eval avg_mttr_hours = round(avg_mttr / 3600, 1)
| eval med_mttr_hours = round(med_mttr / 3600, 1)
| eval p90_mttr_hours = round(p90_mttr / 3600, 1)
| table urgency, avg_mttr_hours, med_mttr_hours, p90_mttr_hours

MTTD/MTTR Trend Over Time:

index=notable earliest=-90d status_label="Resolved*"
| eval mttd_min = (_time - orig_time) / 60
| eval mttr_hours = (status_end - _time) / 3600
| bin _time span=1w
| stats avg(mttd_min) AS avg_mttd_min, avg(mttr_hours) AS avg_mttr_hours,
        count AS incidents by _time
| table _time, incidents, avg_mttd_min, avg_mttr_hours

Step 3: Measure Alert Quality and Analyst Productivity

Alert Disposition Analysis:

index=notable earliest=-30d
| stats count AS total,
        sum(eval(if(status_label="Resolved - True Positive", 1, 0))) AS tp,
        sum(eval(if(status_label="Resolved - False Positive", 1, 0))) AS fp,
        sum(eval(if(status_label="Resolved - Benign", 1, 0))) AS benign,
        sum(eval(if(status_label="New" OR status_label="In Progress", 1, 0))) AS pending
| eval tp_rate = round(tp / total * 100, 1)
| eval fp_rate = round(fp / total * 100, 1)
| eval signal_noise = round(tp / (fp + 0.01), 2)
| table total, tp, fp, benign, pending, tp_rate, fp_rate, signal_noise

Analyst Productivity Metrics:

index=notable earliest=-30d status_label="Resolved*"
| stats count AS alerts_resolved,
        avg(eval((status_end - status_transition_time) / 60)) AS avg_triage_min,
        dc(rule_name) AS unique_rule_types
  by owner
| eval alerts_per_day = round(alerts_resolved / 30, 1)
| sort - alerts_resolved
| table owner, alerts_resolved, alerts_per_day, avg_triage_min, unique_rule_types

Shift-Based Workload Distribution:

index=notable earliest=-30d
| eval hour = strftime(_time, "%H")
| eval shift = case(
    hour >= 6 AND hour < 14, "Day (06-14)",
    hour >= 14 AND hour < 22, "Swing (14-22)",
    1=1, "Night (22-06)"
  )
| stats count AS alerts, dc(owner) AS analysts by shift
| eval alerts_per_analyst = round(alerts / analysts / 30, 1)
| table shift, alerts, analysts, alerts_per_analyst

Step 4: Track Detection Coverage

ATT&CK Coverage Score:

| inputlookup detection_rules_attack_mapping.csv
| stats dc(technique_id) AS covered_techniques by tactic
| join tactic type=left [
    | inputlookup attack_techniques_total.csv
    | stats dc(technique_id) AS total_techniques by tactic
  ]
| eval coverage_pct = round(covered_techniques / total_techniques * 100, 1)
| sort tactic
| table tactic, covered_techniques, total_techniques, coverage_pct

Data Source Coverage:

| inputlookup expected_data_sources.csv
| join data_source type=left [
    | tstats count where index=* by sourcetype
    | rename sourcetype AS data_source
    | eval status = "Active"
  ]
| eval source_status = if(isnotnull(status), "Collecting", "MISSING")
| stats count by source_status
| table source_status, count

Step 5: Build Executive Reporting Dashboard

Monthly SOC Executive Summary:

--- Incident summary by category
index=notable earliest=-30d status_label="Resolved*"
| stats count by urgency
| eval order = case(urgency="critical", 1, urgency="high", 2, urgency="medium", 3,
                    urgency="low", 4, urgency="informational", 5)
| sort order

--- Month-over-month comparison
index=notable earliest=-60d
| eval period = if(_time > relative_time(now(), "-30d"), "This Month", "Last Month")
| stats count by period, urgency
| chart sum(count) AS incidents by urgency, period

--- Top 5 incident categories
index=notable earliest=-30d status_label="Resolved - True Positive"
| top rule_name limit=5
| table rule_name, count, percent

Security Posture Scorecard:

| makeresults
| eval metrics = mvappend(
    "MTTD: 8.3 min (Target: <15 min) | STATUS: GREEN",
    "MTTR: 3.2 hours (Target: <4 hours) | STATUS: GREEN",
    "FP Rate: 27% (Target: <30%) | STATUS: GREEN",
    "Detection Coverage: 64% (Target: >60%) | STATUS: GREEN",
    "Analyst Utilization: 78% (Target: 60-80%) | STATUS: GREEN",
    "Incident Backlog: 12 (Target: <20) | STATUS: GREEN"
  )
| mvexpand metrics
| table metrics

Step 6: Implement Continuous Improvement Tracking

Track improvement initiatives and their impact:

--- Improvement initiative tracking
| inputlookup soc_improvement_initiatives.csv
| eval status_color = case(
    status="Completed", "green",
    status="In Progress", "yellow",
    status="Planned", "gray"
  )
| table initiative, start_date, target_date, status, metric_impact, baseline, current

Example initiatives:

initiative,start_date,target_date,status,metric_impact,baseline,current
Risk-Based Alerting,2024-01-15,2024-03-15,Completed,Alert Volume,-84%,287/day
Sigma Rule Library,2024-02-01,2024-04-01,In Progress,ATT&CK Coverage,61%,64%
SOAR Phishing Playbook,2024-02-15,2024-03-30,In Progress,Phishing MTTR,45min,18min
Analyst Training Program,2024-01-01,2024-06-30,In Progress,TP Rate,31%,41%

Key Concepts

Term	Definition
MTTD	Mean Time to Detect — average time from threat occurrence to SOC alert generation
MTTR	Mean Time to Respond — average time from detection to incident resolution
MTTA	Mean Time to Acknowledge — average time from alert generation to analyst assignment
Signal-to-Noise Ratio	Ratio of true positive alerts to total alerts — higher is better
Dwell Time	Duration an attacker remains undetected in the environment — key indicator of detection effectiveness
Analyst Utilization	Percentage of analyst time spent on productive investigation vs. overhead tasks

Tools & Systems

Splunk Dashboard Studio: Advanced visualization framework for building interactive SOC metric dashboards
Grafana: Open-source analytics and visualization platform supporting multiple data sources
Power BI: Microsoft business intelligence tool for executive-level reporting and trend analysis
ATT&CK Navigator: MITRE tool for visualizing detection coverage as layered heatmaps
ServiceNow Performance Analytics: ITSM analytics module for tracking incident lifecycle metrics

Common Scenarios

Quarterly Business Review: Present MTTD/MTTR trends, detection coverage growth, and alert quality improvements
Staffing Justification: Use workload metrics to justify additional analyst headcount or shift adjustments
Tool ROI Assessment: Compare alert quality and response times before and after new tool deployment
Compliance Evidence: Provide documented SOC performance metrics for ISO 27001 or SOC 2 audits
Vendor Comparison: Benchmark SOC metrics against industry peers using surveys (SANS, Ponemon)

Output Format

SOC PERFORMANCE REPORT — March 2024
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

KEY METRICS:
  Metric              Current    Target     Trend    Status
  MTTD                8.3 min    <15 min    -12%     GREEN
  MTTR                3.2 hrs    <4 hrs     -18%     GREEN
  FP Rate             27%        <30%       -5%      GREEN
  TP Rate             41%        >40%       +3%      GREEN
  ATT&CK Coverage     64%        >60%       +3%      GREEN
  Alerts/Analyst/Day  24         <50        -84%     GREEN

INCIDENT SUMMARY:
  Total Incidents:     147 (Critical: 3, High: 23, Medium: 78, Low: 43)
  Avg Resolution:      3.2 hours (Critical: 1.8h, High: 2.9h, Medium: 4.1h)
  SLA Compliance:      94% (Target: >90%)

IMPROVEMENT HIGHLIGHTS:
  [1] RBA deployment reduced daily alerts from 1,847 to 287 (-84%)
  [2] New Sigma rules added 12 ATT&CK techniques to coverage
  [3] SOAR phishing playbook reduced phishing MTTR by 60%

AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT:
  [1] Lateral movement detection coverage at 58% (below 60% target)
  [2] Night shift MTTD 23% slower than day shift
  [3] 4 critical vulnerability scan tickets overdue on SLA

building-soc-metrics-and-kpi-tracking

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