Imported from pjt222/agent-almanac (i18n/wenyan-ultra/skills/build-grafana-dashboards/SKILL.md). Install upstream with npx skills add pjt222/agent-almanac --skill build-grafana-dashboards. Copyright stays with the author (MIT).

建 Grafana 儀表

設發 Grafana 儀表附可維、可重用、版控之佳慣。

用

造 Prometheus、Loki 或他資源指之視
建 SRE 隊與事應者之運儀
立高管 SLO 合規報儀
移儀自手造至版控發
以模變一跨隊儀布
造自高概至細指之鑽探

入

必：資源配（Prometheus、Loki、Tempo 等）
必：當視之指或志附查模
可：多服或多環視之模變
可：現儀 JSON 為移或改
可：事關註查（發、事件）

行

詳 Extended Examples 備全配檔與模。

一：設儀構

建板前→謀儀布與組。

造儀規文：

# Service Overview Dashboard

## Purpose
Real-time operational view for on-call engineers monitoring the API service.

## Rows
1. High-Level Metrics (collapsed by default)
   - Request rate, error rate, latency (RED metrics)
   - Service uptime, instance count
2. Detailed Metrics (expanded by default)
   - Per-endpoint latency breakdown
   - Error rate by status code
   - Database connection pool status
3. Resource Utilization
   - CPU, memory, disk usage per instance
   - Network I/O rates
4. Logs (collapsed by default)
   - Recent errors from Loki
   - Alert firing history

## Variables
- `environment`: production, staging, development
- `instance`: all instances or specific instance selection
- `interval`: aggregation window (5m, 15m, 1h)

## Annotations
- Deployment events from CI/CD system
- Alert firing/resolving events

要設則：

要指先：頂為危指、下為詳
一致時範：諸板同時
鑽探路：自高連至細儀
適布：用列與板寬適諸屏

得：儀構已錄，當事人合指與布之優序。

敗：

與末用者（SRE、開發者）行儀設察
較業標（USE 法、RED 法、四金號）
察隊現儀以求一致模

二：以模變造儀

建儀基附可重用變為濾。

造儀 JSON 構（或用 UI 後出）：

{
  "dashboard": {
    "title": "API Service Overview",
    "uid": "api-service-overview",
    "version": 1,
    "timezone": "browser",
    "editable": true,
    "graphTooltip": 1,
    "time": {
      "from": "now-6h",
      "to": "now"
    },
    "refresh": "30s",
    "templating": {
      "list": [
        {
          "name": "environment",
          "type": "query",
          "datasource": "Prometheus",
          "query": "label_values(up{job=\"api-service\"}, environment)",
          "multi": false,
          "includeAll": false,
          "refresh": 1,
          "sort": 1,
          "current": {
            "selected": false,
            "text": "production",
            "value": "production"
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "instance",
          "type": "query",
          "datasource": "Prometheus",
          "query": "label_values(up{job=\"api-service\",environment=\"$environment\"}, instance)",
          "multi": true,
          "includeAll": true,
          "refresh": 1,
          "allValue": ".*",
          "current": {
            "selected": true,
            "text": "All",
            "value": "$__all"
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "interval",
          "type": "interval",
          "options": [
            {"text": "1m", "value": "1m"},
            {"text": "5m", "value": "5m"},
            {"text": "15m", "value": "15m"},
            {"text": "1h", "value": "1h"}
          ],
          "current": {
            "text": "5m",
            "value": "5m"
          },
          "auto": false
        }
      ]
    },
    "annotations": {
      "list": [
        {
          "name": "Deployments",
          "datasource": "Prometheus",
          "enable": true,
          "expr": "changes(app_version{job=\"api-service\",environment=\"$environment\"}[5m]) > 0",
          "step": "60s",
          "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
          "tagKeys": "version"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

變類與用例：

查變：自資源動列（label_values()、query_result()）
區變：查之集區
客變：非指擇之靜列
恆變：跨板共值（資源名、閾）
文變：濾之自入

得：變自資源正充、級聯濾行（env 濾實）、默擇宜。

敗：

於 Prometheus UI 獨試變查
察循依（A 依 B 依 A）
驗 allValue 之正則於多擇變
察變刷設（載儀時對時範變時）

三：建視板

每指造宜視類之板。

時序板（請率）：

{
  "type": "timeseries",
  "title": "Request Rate",
  "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 0},
  "targets": [
    {
      "expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{job=\"api-service\",environment=\"$environment\",instance=~\"$instance\"}[$interval])) by (method)",
      "legendFormat": "{{method}}",
      "refId": "A"
    }
  ],
  "fieldConfig": {
    "defaults": {
      "unit": "reqps",
      "color": {
        "mode": "palette-classic"
      },
      "custom": {
        "drawStyle": "line",
        "lineInterpolation": "smooth",
        "fillOpacity": 10,
        "spanNulls": true
      },
      "thresholds": {
        "mode": "absolute",
        "steps": [
          {"value": null, "color": "green"},
          {"value": 1000, "color": "yellow"},
          {"value": 5000, "color": "red"}
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "options": {
    "tooltip": {
      "mode": "multi",
      "sort": "desc"
    },
    "legend": {
      "displayMode": "table",
      "placement": "right",
      "calcs": ["mean", "max", "last"]
    }
  }
}

stat 板（誤率）：

{
  "type": "stat",
  "title": "Error Rate",
  "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 12, "y": 0},
  "targets": [
    {
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)

熱圖板（延分布）：

{
  "type": "heatmap",
  "title": "Request Duration Heatmap",
  "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 8},
  "targets": [
    {
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)

板擇導：

時序：時趨（率、計、時長）
Stat：單當值附閾色
表：百分值（CPU、記、盤）
條表：一時多值較
熱圖：時值分布（延分位）
表：多指細分
志：Loki 原志附濾

得：板正渲附資、視合指類、圖例述、閾顯題。

敗：

Explore 視中以同時範與變試查
察指名或標濾誤
驗集函合指類（counter 用 rate、gauge 用 avg）
察單位配（bytes、seconds、requests per second）
啟「Show query inspector」除空結

四：配列與布

組板入可折列以邏分。

{
  "panels": [
    {
      "type": "row",
      "title": "High-Level Metrics",
      "collapsed": false,
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)

布佳慣：

格 24 單寬，每板定 w（寬）與 h（高）
用列組相關板，默折較不危段
置最危指於首視區（y=0-8）
列內守一致板高（典 4、8、12 單）
時序用全寬（24），較用半寬（12）

得：儀布邏組、列正折展、板視齊無隙。

敗：

驗 gridPos 坐標不疊
察列 panels 陣含板（非 null）
驗 y 坐標於頁下遞
用 Grafana UI「Edit JSON」察格位

五：加連與鑽探

造相關儀間導路。

儀級連於 JSON：

{
  "links": [
    {
      "title": "Service Details",
      "type": "link",
      "icon": "external link",
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)

板級資連：

{
  "fieldConfig": {
    "defaults": {
      "links": [
        {
          "title": "View Logs for ${__field.labels.instance}",
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)

連變：

$service、$environment：儀模變
${__field.labels.instance}：點擊資點之標值
${__from}、${__to}：當儀時範
$__url_time_range：URL 之編時範

得：點板元或儀連→導相關視附脈留（時範、變）。

敗：

URL 編查參中特字
以諸變擇（All 對具值）試連
驗標儀 UID 存且可達
察 includeVars 與 keepTime 如望行

六：設儀發

版控儀為碼以可復發。

造發目構：

mkdir -p /etc/grafana/provisioning/{dashboards,datasources}

資源發（/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources/prometheus.yml）：

apiVersion: 1

datasources:
  - name: Prometheus
    type: prometheus
    access: proxy
# ... (see EXAMPLES.md for complete configuration)

儀發（/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/default.yml）：

apiVersion: 1

providers:
  - name: 'default'
    orgId: 1
    folder: 'Services'
    type: file
    disableDeletion: false
    updateIntervalSeconds: 30
    allowUiUpdates: true
    options:
      path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards
      foldersFromFilesStructure: true

存儀 JSON 檔於 /var/lib/grafana/dashboards/：

/var/lib/grafana/dashboards/
├── api-service/
│   ├── overview.json
│   └── details.json
├── database/
│   └── postgres.json
└── infrastructure/
    ├── nodes.json
    └── kubernetes.json

用 Docker Compose：

version: '3.8'
services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:10.2.0
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - ./grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning
      - ./grafana/dashboards:/var/lib/grafana/dashboards
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
      - GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=false
      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true
      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE=Viewer

得：儀於 Grafana 起時自載、JSON 改後於更區映、版控跟儀變。

敗：

察 Grafana 志：docker logs grafana | grep -i provisioning
驗 JSON 法：python -m json.tool dashboard.json
確檔權允 Grafana 讀：chmod 644 *.json
以 allowUiUpdates: false 試防 UI 改
驗發配：curl http://localhost:3000/api/admin/provisioning/dashboards/reload -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $GRAFANA_API_KEY"

驗

忌

變不更板：確查用 $variable 法，非硬值。察變刷設。
空板而查正：驗時範含資點。察取區對集區（5m rate 需 >5m 資）。
圖例冗：用 legendFormat 示相關標，非全指名。例：{{method}} - {{status}} 代默。
時範不一：設儀時同令諸板共時窗。用「Sync cursor」為關探。
效題：避返高基數系（>1000）。用錄律或預集。限貴查之時範。
儀漂：無發→手改生版控撞。產用 allowUiUpdates: false。
缺資連：資連需精標名。細用 ${__field.labels.labelname}，驗標存查結。
註泛：過多註雜視。依要濾註或用別註軌。

參

setup-prometheus-monitoring — 配 Grafana 所食之 Prometheus 資源
configure-log-aggregation — 設 Loki 為志板查與志註
define-slo-sli-sla — 以 Grafana stat 與 gauge 視 SLO 合規與誤預算
instrument-distributed-tracing — 自指板加蹤 ID 連至 Tempo 蹤視

build-grafana-dashboards

About

建 Grafana 儀表

用

入

行

一：設儀構

二：以模變造儀

三：建視板

四：配列與布

五：加連與鑽探

六：設儀發

驗

忌

參

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